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Showing 106 to 120 of 817 results Save | Export
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Schmidt, Jonathan D.; Shanholtzer, Alison; Mezhoudi, Nabil; Scherbak, Bailey; Kahng, SungWoo – Education and Treatment of Children, 2014
Brief experimental analysis (BEA) is a useful tool for quickly evaluating intervention strategies for individuals with academic deficits and minor behavior problems. However, there is a lack of research investigating BEA for intervention strategies with individuals who emit severe problem behavior to avoid academic demands. For the current study,…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Intervention, Academic Ability, Mental Retardation
Christensen, Darren R.; Grace, Randolph C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Grace and McLean (2006) proposed a decision model for acquisition of choice in concurrent chains which assumes that after reinforcement in a terminal link, subjects make a discrimination whether the preceding reinforcer delay was short or long relative to a criterion. Their model was subsequently extended by Christensen and Grace (2008, 2009a,…
Descriptors: Selection, Decision Making, Models, Conditioning
Lieberman, David A. – Cambridge University Press, 2012
This innovative textbook is the first to integrate learning and memory, behaviour, and cognition. It focuses on fascinating human research in both memory and learning (while also bringing in important animal studies) and brings the reader up to date with the latest developments in the subject. Students are encouraged to think critically: key…
Descriptors: Memory, Learning Processes, Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement
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Navarick, Douglas J. – Psychological Record, 2012
In Milgram's (1963, 1965a, 1965b, 1974/2004) experiments on destructive obedience, an authority figure repeatedly ordered a resistant participant to deliver what seemed to be increasingly painful shocks to a confederate victim who demanded to be released. A three- stage behavioral model (aversive conditioning of contextual stimuli, emergence of a…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Jews, Foreign Countries, Victims
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Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
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Barlow, Kathryn E.; Tiger, Jeffrey H.; Slocum, Sarah K.; Miller, Sarah J. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2013
Therapists and educators frequently teach alternative-communication systems, such as picture exchanges or manual signs, to individuals with developmental disabilities who present with expressive language deficits. Michael (1985) recommended a taxonomy for alternative communication systems that differentiated between selection-based systems in…
Descriptors: Autism, Pictorial Stimuli, Sign Language, Language Impairments
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Shillingsburg, M. Alice; Valentino, Amber L. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Children with autism often do not learn to mand for information without structured teaching. Studies have demonstrated that manipulation of establishing operations (EOs), prompts, prompt fading, and differential reinforcement are effective in teaching children with autism to ask "wh" questions such as "what," "who," and "where." To date, no…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Children, Reinforcement
Ingvarsson, Einar T. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
This study examined the effects of parent-implemented mand training on the acquisition of framed manding in a 4-year-old boy who had undergone partial hemispherectomy. Framed manding became the predominant mand form when and only when the intervention was implemented with each preferred toy, but minimal generalization to untrained toys …
Descriptors: Parents as Teachers, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Young Children, Males
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Tabone, Christopher J.; de Belle, J. Steven – Learning & Memory, 2011
Associative conditioning in "Drosophila melanogaster" has been well documented for several decades. However, most studies report only simple associations of conditioned stimuli (CS, e.g., odor) with unconditioned stimuli (US, e.g., electric shock) to measure learning or establish memory. Here we describe a straightforward second-order conditioning…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Conditioning, Associative Learning, Memory
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Marion, Carole; Martin, Garry L.; Yu, C. T.; Buhler, Charissa; Kerr, Danni – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2012
A modified multiple-baseline design across participants was used to evaluate a procedure for teaching the mand "Where?" to 3 children with autism. The participants were 3 and 5 years old and were participating in an intensive applied behavior analysis program. The participants were able to mand for items they wanted when the items were not in…
Descriptors: Autism, Play, Prompting, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Petursdottir, Anna Ingeborg; Carp, Charlotte L.; Matthies, Derek W.; Esch, Barbara E. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Several studies have demonstrated effects of stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) on children's vocalizations, but numerous treatment failures have also been reported. The present study attempted to isolate procedural variables related to failures of SSP to condition speech sounds as reinforcers. Three boys diagnosed with autism-spectrum disorders…
Descriptors: Speech, Acoustics, Preferences, Operant Conditioning
April, L. Brooke; Bruce, Katherine; Galizio, Mark – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Previous research has shown that rats can learn matching-to-sample relations with olfactory stimuli; however, the specific characteristics of this relational control are unclear. In Experiment 1, 6 rats were trained to either match or nonmatch to sample in a modified operant chamber using common household spices as olfactory stimuli. After…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Generalization, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
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Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M.; Niv, Yael – Psychological Review, 2010
A. Redish et al. (2007) proposed a reinforcement learning model of context-dependent learning and extinction in conditioning experiments, using the idea of "state classification" to categorize new observations into states. In the current article, the authors propose an interpretation of this idea in terms of normative statistical inference. They…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Statistical Inference, Inferences, Bayesian Statistics
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Fantino, Edmund; Silberberg, Alan – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Results from studies of observing responses have suggested that stimuli maintain observing owing to their special relationship to primary reinforcement (the conditioned- reinforcement hypothesis), and not because they predict the availability and nonavailability of reinforcement (the information hypothesis). The present article first reviews a…
Descriptors: Behavior, Observation, Reinforcement, Conditioning
Love, Jessica June – ProQuest LLC, 2013
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PECS phase III application training on independent mands in young children with autism. Participants were five children with autism ranging from ages 2 to 4 years old. A multiple baseline across participants was used to evaluate acquisition of independent correct mands across baseline and…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Young Children, Verbal Operant Conditioning
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