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Antonija Vrdoljak; Margareta Jelic; Dinka Corkalo Biruški; Nikolina Stankovic – Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal, 2024
Due to its efficacy shown in early research with children, imagined contact has often been proposed as a school prejudice-reduction intervention. Nevertheless, some of the more recent studies have not been able to replicate the expected effects. This review presents the first systematic examination of the effect of imagined contact interventions…
Descriptors: Imagination, Interaction Process Analysis, Interpersonal Relationship, Intergroup Relations
John M. Falligant; Brianna Laureano; Emily Chesbrough; Margaret M. Ruckle; Molly K. Bednar – Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2023
Token reinforcement procedures are used to increase appropriate behavior (e.g., completion of instructional tasks) and decrease problem behavior (e.g., aggression) in a wide array of clinical contexts. Token exchange-production schedules, which specify the number of tokens that must be accrued to produce the exchange schedule, are important…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Token Economy, Behavior Modification
Francesco Pupillo; Javier Ortiz-Tudela; Rasmus Bruckner; Yee Lee Shing – npj Science of Learning, 2023
Expectations can lead to prediction errors of varying degrees depending on the extent to which the information encountered in the environment conforms with prior knowledge. While there is strong evidence on the computationally specific effects of such prediction errors on learning, relatively less evidence is available regarding their effects on…
Descriptors: Prediction, Error Patterns, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Don, Hilary J.; Worthy, Darrell A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Recent work in reinforcement learning has demonstrated a choice preference for an option that has a lower probability of reward (A) when paired with an alternative option that has a higher probability of reward (C), if A has been experienced more frequently than C (the frequency effect). This finding is critical as it is inconsistent with…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Preferences, Rewards, Incidence
Gover, Holly C.; Staubitz, John E.; Juárez, A. Pablo – TEACHING Exceptional Children, 2022
Research and practice in applied behavior analysis (ABA) have contributed to the education of students with autism and other intellectual or developmental disabilities in school settings across a wide variety of efforts, including but not limited to, academic instruction (Delano, 2007), addressing behaviors restricting a student's environments and…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Psychological Patterns, Learner Engagement, Student Behavior
Juhi Parmar; Klaus Rothermund – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Stimulus-response binding and retrieval (SRBR) is a fundamental mechanism driving behavior automatization. In five experiments, we investigated the modulatory role of affective consequences (AC) on SRBR effects to test whether binding/retrieval can explain instrumental learning (i.e., the "law of effect"). SRBR effects were assessed in a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Responses, Behavior, Reinforcement
Mariah E. Brooks – ProQuest LLC, 2024
According to the School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS; 2022) three notable discipline problems reported by public schools including acts of disrespect toward teachers, verbal abuse towards teachers, and widespread disorder in classrooms has been consistently increasing over the last decade (U.S. Department of Education, 2022). Noncontingent…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Learner Engagement, Intervention, Reinforcement
Lukas D. Lopez; Kyong-Ah Kwon; Hyun-Joo Jeon; Courtney Dewhirst; Sun Geun Kim; Francisca Jensen – Infant and Child Development, 2024
This study used naturalistic audio-visual recordings from early care and education (ECE) settings to examine the associations between toddlers' (76 toddlers, 40 female, M[subscript age] = 32.94 months, SD = 4.92 months) multimodal emotion expressions and emotion-related vocalizations with contingent teacher interventions. Findings indicated a…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Teachers, Toddlers, Emotional Response, Crying
Ciobha A. McKeown; Carley E. Smith; Timothy R. Vollmer; Lindsay A. Lloveras; Kerri P. Peters – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2024
Teaching an infant manual signs is beneficial as it promotes early communication, improves socialization, and can functionally replace behaviors such as crying and whining. Improving early communication also may reduce the probability of an infant engaging in dangerous behavior, like unsafe climbing. The purpose of this study was to extend…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Infants, Help Seeking, Nonverbal Communication
Sweeney, Erin; Barton, Erin E.; Ledford, Jennifer R. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
A multiple probe across participants with an embedded withdrawal single case research design was used to examine the effectiveness of a progressive time delay (PTD) procedure to teach preschoolers with disabilities to imitate their peers during a sculpting play activity. Data indicated the presence of a functional relation between the use of PTD…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Time Factors (Learning), Preschool Children, Imitation
Jones, Stephanie H.; St. Peter, Claire C.; Williams, Catherine – Education and Treatment of Children, 2023
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is an effective behavioral intervention when implemented consistently. NCR may be particularly well-suited for use in schools because of its perceived ease of use. However, previous laboratory research suggests that NCR may not maintain therapeutic effects if implemented inconsistently. Inconsistent implementation…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Program Effectiveness, Program Implementation
Kranak, Michael P.; Falligant, John Michael – Education and Treatment of Children, 2023
In the context of problem behavior, treatment integrity refers to the extent to which a behavioral intervention is implemented as intended. Treatment-integrity errors may lead to relapse of problem behavior. For example, omitting reinforcers can lead to increases in problem behavior called resurgence. Researchers have previously described the…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Behavior Modification, Outcomes of Treatment, Integrity
Madden, Gregory J.; Mahmoudi, Saba; Brown, Katherine – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2023
Conditioned reinforcers are widely used in applied behavior analysis. Basic research evidence reveals that Pavlovian learning plays an important role in the acquisition and efficacy of new conditioned-reinforcer functions. Thus, a better understanding of Pavlovian principles holds the promise of improving the efficacy of conditioned reinforcement…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Applied Behavior Analysis
Ahmad, Jamal; Al-Zboon, Eman; Alkhawaldeh, Mustafa; Ali Alelaimat, Ali Mustafa – Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 2023
The use of reinforcement is widely researched and has been demonstrated as an effective method to increase desired, appropriate behavior and to decrease problematic behavior at both the individual and group level. This study aimed to identify what types of reinforcement Jordanian preschool teachers employ in the classroom and if they perceive…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Behavior Problems
Peterson, Makenzie L.; Clark, Carson T.; Lynch, Cayla J.; Cooper, James T.; Gelfman, Noah; Blumenstein, Julia; Hansen, Rodney; Porter, Joseph H.; Hillhouse, Todd M. – Journal of American College Health, 2023
Objective: The present study evaluated the effects of nicotine concentration (0-10 mg/ml) and flavor (gummy bear vs unflavored) on the subjective experiences of vaporized nicotine in young adult low-dose nicotine (3 mg/ml) ECIG users. Participants: Eight young adult ECIG users were recruited. Methods: A single blinded crossover study was used.…
Descriptors: Smoking, Electronic Equipment, Health Behavior, Young Adults