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Weatherly, Jeffrey N.; Huls, Amber; Kulland, Ashley – Psychological Record, 2007
The present study investigated whether Pavlovian conditioning contributes, in the form of the response operandum serving as a conditioned stimulus, to the increase in the rate of response for 1% liquid-sucrose reinforcement when food-pellet reinforcement is upcoming. Rats were exposed to conditions in which sign tracking for 1% sucrose was…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Logical Thinking, Reinforcement
Mace, F. Charles; McComas, Jennifer J.; Mauro, Benjamin C.; Progar, Patrick R.; Taylor, Bridget; Ervin, Ruth; Zangrillo, Amanda N. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Basic research with pigeons on behavioral momentum suggests that differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) can increase the resistance of target behavior to change. This finding suggests that clinical applications of DRA may inadvertently increase the persistence of target behavior even as it decreases its frequency. We conducted…
Descriptors: Animals, Behavior Problems, Persistence, Reinforcement
Troisi, Joseph R., II – Psychological Record, 2006
To date, only 1 study has evaluated the impact of a Pavlovian drug conditional stimulus (CS) on operant responding. A within-subject operant 1-lever go/no-go (across sessions) design was used to evaluate the impact of Pavlovian contingencies on the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) and ethanol (800 mg/kg) in male Sprague…
Descriptors: Training, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning, Behavior Modification
Harman, Marsha J.; Bruce, A. Jerry; Kordinak, S. Thomas – Journal on Educational Psychology, 2008
It is important as we look at the educational environment to understand that it is a complex system that calls for analyses at multiple levels. One who enters from a single theoretical orientation is at a distinct disadvantage. Particularly when unique students arrive with various emotional and behavioral difficulties, being restricted to a narrow…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Student Diversity, Classroom Environment, Educational Theories
Gallistel, C. R.; King, Adam Philip; Gottlieb, Daniel; Balci, Fuat; Papachristos, Efstathios B.; Szalecki, Matthew; Carbone, Kimberly S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Experimentally naive mice matched the proportions of their temporal investments (visit durations) in two feeding hoppers to the proportions of the food income (pellets per unit session time) derived from them in three experiments that varied the coupling between the behavioral investment and food income, from no coupling to strict coupling.…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Time, Investment
Diegelmann, Soeren; Zars, Melissa; Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2006
Memories can have different strengths, largely dependent on the intensity of reinforcers encountered. The relationship between reinforcement and memory strength is evident in asymptotic memory curves, with the level of the asymptote related to the intensity of the reinforcer. Although this is likely a fundamental property of memory formation,…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Models, Memory, Memorization
Woo, Kevin L.; Burke, Darren – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2008
Testing sensory characteristics on herpetological species has been difficult due to a range of properties related to physiology, responsiveness, performance ability, and the type of reinforcer used. Using the Jacky lizard as a model, we outline a successfully established procedure in which to test the visual sensitivity to motion characteristics.…
Descriptors: Animation, Stimuli, Motion, Physiology
Escobar, Rogelio; Bruner, Carlos A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The acquisition of lever pressing by rats and the occurrence of unreinforced presses at a location different from that of the reinforced response were studied using different delays of reinforcement. An experimental chamber containing seven identical adjoining levers was used. Only presses on the central (operative) lever produced food pellets.…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Reinforcement, Intervals, Animals
Bejarano, Rafael; Hackenberg, Timothy D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Two experiments with pigeons investigated the effects of contingencies between interresponse times (IRTs) and the transitions between the components of 2- and 4-component chained schedules (Experiments 1 and 2, respectively). The probability of component transitions varied directly with the most recent (Lag 0) IRT in some experimental conditions…
Descriptors: Animals, Reaction Time, Stimuli, Change
Hussaini, Syed Abid; Komischke, Bernhard; Menzel, Randolf; Lachnit, Harald – Learning & Memory, 2007
Second-order conditioning (SOC) is the association of a neutral stimulus with another stimulus that had previously been combined with an unconditioned stimulus (US). We used classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) in honeybees ("Apis mellifera") with odors (CS) and sugar (US). Previous SOC experiments in bees were…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Entomology, Stimuli, Food
Palmer, David C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2006
The discrimination of the onset of joint control is an important interpretive tool in explaining matching behavior and other complex phenomena, but the difficulty of getting experimental control of all relevant variables stands in the way of a definitive experiment. The studies in the present issue of "The Analysis of Verbal Behavior" illustrate…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Research Methodology, Protocol Analysis
Silberberg, Alan; Roma, Peter G.; Huntsberry, Mary E.; Warren-Boulton, Frederick R.; Sakagami, Takayuki; Ruggiero, Angela M.; Suomi, Stephen J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Chen, Lakshminarayanan, and Santos (2006) claim to show in three choice experiments that monkeys react rationally to price and wealth shocks, but, when faced with gambles, display hallmark, human-like biases that include loss aversion. We present three experiments with monkeys and humans consistent with a reinterpretation of their data that…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Experimental Psychology
Shorkey, Clayton Thomas – 1968
Some 80, white, schizophrenic patients were administered the Taylor Personality Scale of Manifest Anxiety (MAS), the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and were tested on an operant conditioning task. Hypotheses tested were: (1) effectiveness of social reinforcement (verbal approval) on a verbal conditioning task would be enhanced by subjecting…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Psychological Characteristics, Reinforcement
Yoon, Soyoung; Feliciano, Gina M. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2007
Effects of a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure on the subsequent acquisition of mand operants were investigated. An attempt was made to shape novel sounds that emerged through the pairing procedure into a mand. Six children, aged two to five years, with moderate to severe language and communication delays, participated. Two conditions were used…
Descriptors: Young Children, Language Impairments, Reinforcement, Verbal Operant Conditioning
Lee, Ronald; Sturmey, Peter; Fields, Lanny – Psychological Record, 2007
Response variability, a fundamental characteristic of behavior, may be in some cases an induced effect of reinforcement schedules. Research on schedule-induced response variability has shown that continuous reinforcement results in less variability than intermittent reinforcement schedules. Studies on the effects of intermittency of reinforcement,…
Descriptors: Investigations, Reinforcement, Research, Responses