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Grammatical Constructions in Typical Developing Children: Effects of Explicit Reinforcement, Automatic Reinforcement and Parity
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Ostvik, Leni; Eikeseth, Svein; Klintwall, Lars – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
This study replicated and extended Wright (2006) and Whitehurst, Ironsmith, and Goldfein (1974) by examining whether preschool aged children would increase their use of passive grammatical voice rather than using the more age-appropriate active grammatical construction when the former was modeled by an adult. Results showed that 5 of the 6…
Descriptors: Grammar, Verbal Stimuli, Positive Reinforcement, Verbs
The Effects of Tact Training on Stereotypic Vocalizations in Children with Autism
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Guzinski, Erin M.; Cihon, Traci M.; Eshleman, John – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
This study was a systematic extension of Karmali, Greer, Nuzzulo-Gomez, Ross, and Rivera-Valdes (2005) and Ahearn, Clark, MacDonald, and Chung (2007). We investigated the effects of a tact correction procedure on stereotypic vocalizations in 4 children diagnosed with autism who ranged in age from 6 to 16 years. Participants had limited vocal…
Descriptors: Validity, Behavior Modification, Autism, Verbal Stimuli
Increasing Vocal Variability in Children with Autism Using a Lag Schedule of Reinforcement
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Esch, John W.; Esch, Barbara E.; Love, Jessa R. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2009
Variability has been demonstrated to be an operant dimension of behavior (Neuringer, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985). Recently, lag schedules have been used to demonstrate operant variability of verbal behavior in persons with a diagnosis of autism (e.g., Lee, McComas, & Jawor, 2002). The current study evaluated the effects of a Lag 1 schedule on…
Descriptors: Verbal Stimuli, Autism, Identification, Nonverbal Communication
EFFECTS OF REWARD AND PUNISHMENT ON STUTTERING IN CHILDREN.
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JENSEN, PAUL J. – 1966
THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT THERE ARE SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER LATENCY AND RESPONSE DURATIONS IN CHILDREN'S SPEECH AS A RESULT OF VERBAL PUNISHMENT COMPARED TO REWARD, AND WHETHER THE EFFECTS ARE GREATER IN YOUNGER OR OLDER CHILDREN AND IN BOYS OR GIRLS. SUBJECTS WERE 160 BOYS AND GIRLS FROM THIRD AND SIXTH GRADES. DURING A…
Descriptors: Children, Exceptional Child Research, Negative Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement
The Effects of Verbal Pain Stimuli on the Behavior of Children.
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Dubanoski, Richard A.; Tokioka, Abe B. – Social Behavior and Personality, 1981
Presented children (N=96) aged 8-11 with verbal pain or nonpain stimuli contingent or noncontingent on a target response. Delivered stimuli within an aggressive or nonaggressive setting and with or without affect. Type of setting did not influence the behavior, but stimuli delivered in an affective manner did facilitate responding. (Author/RC)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Aggression, Behavior Patterns, Children
The Effect of Noncontingent Sensory Reinforcement, Contingent Sensory Reinforcement, and Response Interruption on Stereotypical and Self-Injurious Behavior.
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Sprague, Jeffrey; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1997
Three analyses were conducted to assess the effects of different consequent stimuli on the stereotypical and self-injurious behavior of two children with severe developmental disabilities and dual sensory impairments. Contingent presentation of the specially selected stimuli plus response interruption resulted in more suppression than contingent…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Behavior Modification, Children, Developmental Disabilities