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Direct linkPhilipp Musfeld; Alessandra S. Souza; Klaus Oberauer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
One of the best-known demonstrations of long-term learning through repetition is the Hebb effect: Immediate recall of a memory list repeated amidst nonrepeated lists improves steadily with repetitions. However, previous studies often failed to observe this effect for visuospatial arrays. Souza and Oberauer (2022) showed that the strongest…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Testing, Expectation
Matthew R. Dougherty; David Halpern; Michael J. Kahana – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Although possible to recall in both forward and backward order, recall proceeds most naturally in the order of encoding. Prior studies ask whether and how forward and backward recall differ. We reexamine this classic question by studying recall dynamics while varying the predictability and timing of forward and backward cues. Although overall…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Serial Ordering, Short Term Memory, Prediction
Benjamin Kowialiewski; Steve Majerus; Klaus Oberauer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Recall performance in working memory (WM) is strongly affected by the similarity between items. When asked to encode and recall list of items in their serial order, people confuse more often the position of similar compared to dissimilar items. Models of WM explain this deleterious effect of similarity through a problem of discriminability between…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Serial Ordering, Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes
Claudia Araya; Klaus Oberauer; Satoru Saito – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
The Hebb repetition effect shows improvement in serial recall of repeated lists compared to random nonrepeated lists. Previous research using simple span tasks found that the Hebb repetition effect is limited to constant uninterrupted lists, suggesting chunking as the mechanism of list learning. However, the Hebb repetition effect has been found…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Repetition, Recall (Psychology)
Attout, Lucie; Monnier, Catherine – Developmental Psychology, 2023
The use of a verbal rehearsal strategy (repeating the items to be remembered to oneself in serial order) has been identified as a key factor in explaining working memory (WM) development. However, the debate remains open with regard to the age at which children are able to use it, and the actual benefits of using such a strategy. Numerous…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Mnemonics, Serial Ordering, Elementary School Students
Klaus Oberauer; Hsuan-Yu Lin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Research on working memory (WM) has followed two largely independent traditions: One concerned with memory for sequentially presented lists of discrete items, and the other with short-term maintenance of simultaneously presented arrays of objects with simple, continuously varying features. Here we present a formal model of WM, the interference…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Short Term Memory, Visual Learning
Cowan, Nelson; Elliott, Emily M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
We used the timing of serial recall in several situations to reveal important aspects of recall groupings that participants construct and the reasons those groupings occur. We examined the timing of responses in the recall of digit strings within two published experiments. Cowan, Saults, Elliott, and Moreno (2002) examined memory for nine-item…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Reaction Time, Short Term Memory
Röer, Jan Philipp; Bell, Raoul; Buchner, Axel; Saint-Aubin, Jean; Sonier, René-Pierre; Marsh, John E.; Moore, Stuart B.; Kershaw, Matthew B. A.; Ljung, Robert; Arnström, Sebastian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Visual-verbal serial recall is disrupted when task-irrelevant background speech has to be ignored. Contrary to previous suggestion, it has recently been shown that the magnitude of disruption may be accentuated by the semantic properties of the irrelevant speech. Sentences ending with unexpected words that did not match the preceding semantic…
Descriptors: Semantics, Recall (Psychology), Serial Ordering, English
AuBuchon, Angela M.; Elliott, Emily M.; Morey, Candice C.; Jarrold, Christopher; Cowan, Nelson; Adams, Eryn J.; Attwood, Meg; Bayram, Büsra; Blakstvedt, Taran Y.; Büttner, Gerhard; Castelain, Thomas; Cave, Shari; Crepaldi, Davide; Fredriksen, Eivor; Glass, Bret A.; Guitard, Dominic; Hoehl, Stefanie; Hosch, Alexis; Jeanneret, Stéphanie; Joseph, Tanya N.; Koch, Christopher; Lelonkiewicz, Jaroslaw R.; Meissner, Grace; Mendenhall, Whitney; Moreau, David; Ostermann, Thomas; Özdogru, Asil Ali; Padovani, Francesca; Poloczek, Sebastian; Röer, Jan Philipp; Schonberg, Christina; Tamnes, Christian K.; Tomasik, Martin J.; Valentini, Beatrice; Vergauwe, Evie; Vlach, Haley; Voracek, Martin – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2022
A recent Registered Replication Report (RRR) of the development of verbal rehearsal during serial recall revealed that children verbalized at younger ages than previously thought, but did not identify sources of individual differences. Here, we use mediation analysis to reanalyze data from the 934 children ranging from 5 to 10 years old from the…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Phonology, Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology)
Lindsey, Dakota R. B.; Logan, Gordon D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
It has long been understood that associations can form between items that are paired (Ebbinghaus, 1885), but it is commonly assumed that previously retrieved items are not used when remembering items in serial order. We present a series of experiments that test this assumption, using a serial learning procedure inspired by Ebenholtz (1963). In…
Descriptors: Information Retrieval, Memory, Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology)
Majerus, Steve; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The processing of ordinally organized information is a characteristic of both serial-order working memory and numerical cognition. Serial positions of items presented within a list follow an ordinal organization when stored in working memory, whereas numbers are based on an ordinal structure stored in long-term memory. We tested the hypothesis…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Serial Ordering, Numeracy, Numbers
Kowialiewski, Benjamin; Gorin, Simon; Majerus, Steve – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Long-term memory knowledge is considered to impact short-term maintenance of item information in working memory, as opposed to short-term maintenance of serial order information. Evidence supporting an impact of semantic knowledge on serial order maintenance remains weak. In the present study, we demonstrate that semantic knowledge can impact the…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Short Term Memory, Semantics, Serial Ordering
Berry, Ed D. J.; Allen, Richard J.; Mon-Williams, Mark; Waterman, Amanda H. – Cognitive Science, 2019
Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Children, Short Term Memory
Hurlstone, Mark J.; Hitch, Graham J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
A central goal of research on short-term memory (STM) over the past 2 decades has been to identify the mechanisms that underpin the representation of serial order, and to establish whether these mechanisms are the same across different modalities and domains (e.g., verbal, visual, spatial). A fruitful approach to addressing this question has…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Visual Stimuli, Short Term Memory
Loaiza, Vanessa M.; Halse, Sindre C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Previous work regarding a counterintuitive benefit of increasing distractors on episodic long-term memory (LTM) has suggested that retrieval of memoranda in working memory (WM) after attention has been distracted may confer benefits to episodic LTM. The current study investigated 2 conceptions of how this may occur: either as an attentional…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Performance Factors, Attention
