A short-term recall task in which letters were spaced in different ways by distractor digits was used to separate aspects of primary and secondary memory processes and to permit examination of primary memory for position, order and item independently. Memory for order appeared derivative to memory for temporal position. (CHK)

An experiment was carried out to study the processes of linguistic memory. Subjects were asked to read aloud brief prose passages and repeat what they had read. The "deviations" from the original passages were analyzed to determine the time of the deviation, during decoding or recall. (Text is in Italian.) (CFM)

To show the organization of recall, items that are remembered together can be written on the same line of a two-dimensional (2D) grid. Such 2D recall does not induce the clustering it reveals. Various aspects of 2D recall and the clustering it reveals are discussed. (Author/RM)

Mentally retarded and nonretarded children (N=18 each) of equal mental age read lists of nine nouns presented simultaneously in a horizontal format. Recall of items when isolated was reliably higher than when not isolated for both groups. (Author/CL)

This article describes an experiment designed to define the difficulties perceived by learners in verbal learning tasks. (Text is in Spanish.) (CLK)

Paper based on a Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Alberta, Canada, 1971. (RS)

Study to determine whether learning is a phenomenon of input processing, output processing, or both. (Author/DS)

In the present study, in which narrative passages were divided into linguistic subunits and these subunits measured for their structural importance, it was determined that the structural importance of the units was related to recall. (FWB)

Investigated the theory that meaningful learning of new material could be facilitated through the use of relevant subsuming concepts (organizers) presented prior to the message. Hypothesized that these advance organizers would be superior to introductory overviews. No overall advance organizer superiority was found. (PD)

To test the hypothesis that meaning of a sentence is represented in an abstract format rather than one mediated by words or images, 96 spoken sentences were immediately followed by a word or drawing probe. It was concluded that sentence or probe meaning is represented in an abstract conceptual format. (CHK)

Attempts to modify or ameliorate the effects of declining cognitive abilities of the elderly have met with limited success. To focus on the effects of age in cognitive processing capacity (CPC), Furukawa's (1977) CPC test was administered individually to 3 age groups (16-30, 31-45, and 45-60) of 15 subjects each. Speed of processing old and new…

This study attempted to determine if white noise (an arousing stimulus), when presented at the time of recall, facilitates performance of second and fifth grade students, and if this effect generalizes across different kinds of learning tasks. Findings indicate that white noise produces improvements in performance in both age groups. (GO)

Spaced presentations of 12- and 15-word lists were better recalled when no task or an easy task intervened between presentations. Results indicate a lack of generality in Bjork and Allen's 1970 findings and a need for a two-factor theory of the spacing effect, and are evidence for a spacing effect. (CHK)

Concludes that information retention varies with subjects' reactions to feedback and the kind of immediate practice. (RB)