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Direct linkBerthele, Raphael; Vanhove, Jan – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2020
This article reports on an investigation into the bilingual development of literacy skills in Portuguese heritage language speakers in Switzerland in which we sought to put Cummins' linguistic interdependence hypothesis to the test. Three predictions were derived from this hypothesis: (1) Literacy skill levels in one of the bilinguals' languages…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Literacy, Portuguese, French
Download full textErkan, Senem Seda Sahenk – Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2017
Globalization and technological developments have caused several students to start their academic careers with the challenge of mastering at least two languages. The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of reading, linguistics, and writing areas in French as a Foreign language (FFL) at the A2 (Waystage) language level. This study was…
Descriptors: French, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Mixed Methods Research
Lee, Yong-Won; Breland, Hunter; Muraki, Eiji – ETS Research Report Series, 2004
This study has investigated the comparability of computer-based testing (CBT) writing prompts in the Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) for examinees of different native language backgrounds. A total of 81 writing prompts introduced from July 1998 through August 2000 were examined using a three-step logistic regression procedure for…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Computer Assisted Testing
