Reading that is the activity of identifying and interpreting the symbols in a text is essential in terms of broadening the horizon of individuals through learning new words, acquiring new understandings, and developing the creativity. Because reading is a learning domain that provides significant contribution upon mental development, it takes…

This study examined the contributions of decoding, language, spelling, and motivation to the reading comprehension of elementary school readers in a high-poverty setting. Specifically, the research questions addressed whether and how the influences of word reading efficiency, semantic knowledge, reading self-concept, and spelling on reading…

This study explored the long-term benefits of the Reading Recovery ® program for economically disadvantaged students who were successfully discontinued after the first grade. The hypothesis was tested that students exiting first grade with grade-level reading abilities and with similar low socio-economic status (economically disadvantaged), who…

The effects of a voluntary summer reading intervention with teacher and parent scaffolding were investigated in an experimental study. A total of 24 teachers and 400 children in Grades 3, 4, and 5 were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: control, books only, books with oral reading scaffolding, and books with oral reading and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of good and poor readers in grade five to recognize the form of derived words where morphophonemic alternation occurs but orthographic consistency exists. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of reading ability, word reality (real and pseudo), and mode of…

The effectiveness of parallel lessons in listening and silent reading was compared to a traditional basal approach to reading comprehension skills instruction. One hundred seventy-four fifth graders from sixteen randomly selected classrooms were divided into experimental and control groups. A pretest on four measures of comprehension was…

This study attempted to determine the extent to which phonemic-graphemic correspondence problems adversely affect reading comprehension among black children who are nonstandard speakers of English. An instrument requiring both silent and oral reading was devised by the investigator to test the effects of phonemic-graphemic correspondence problems…