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Xin Qiao; Akihito Kamata; Cornelis Potgieter – Grantee Submission, 2024
Oral reading fluency (ORF) assessments are commonly used to screen at-risk readers and evaluate interventions' effectiveness as curriculum-based measurements. Similar to the standard practice in item response theory (IRT), calibrated passage parameter estimates are currently used as if they were population values in model-based ORF scoring.…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Error Patterns, Scoring