Reports two studies investigating the relationship between phoneme awareness and word reading ability in Down syndrome (DS) subjects. Finds that the results question that phoneme awareness is not related to alphabetic reading acquisition in DS. Concludes that the ability to detect phonemic similarities in words significantly differentiated between…

Compares two views about the importance of environmental print in children's learning experiences. Assesses environmental print knowledge in non-reading preschool children and relates it to word recognition training. Finds words from the known logos were more readily learned than the matching control words, but only in Study 1 were the known logo…

Examines beginning readers' reported word identification strategies for identifying unfamiliar words in text in relation to reading achievement, reading-related skills, and academic self-perceptions. Indicates that children who reported using word-based strategies showed superior reading and reading-related performance, and reported more positive…

Investigates first graders' use of analogy in word decoding. Finds students read more words correctly after exposure to analogous clue words, and a dictation task accounted for large proportion of variance on decoding of analogous words. Suggests results clarify previous research, specifically, the helpfulness of clue words in decoding by analogy…

Investigates whether asynchrony of speed of processing between visual-orthographic and auditory-phonological modalities can account for word recognition deficits among dyslexic readers. Indicates that dyslexic readers were slower than control readers in most of the experimental tasks. Proposes a theory suggesting that asynchrony between the…

Reviews 14 studies investigating approaches for teaching children to learn words from context. Finds nearly all treatments were effective compared to a no-treatment control; however, in the 4 studies that included a practice-only treatment, no significant differences were found. Suggests effects of treatments were due to the practice rather than…

GED (General Educational Development) learners are a diverse group--just like ABE (Adult Basic Education) and ESL (English as a second language) learners. For some, passing the GED tests closes the door on a history of defeat and failure and allows them to move ahead personally. Achieving the goal of passing all five GED tests is not easy for some…

Pseudoword (non-word) reading tasks are a commonly used measure of phonological processing across diverse fields of reading research. However, whether pseudoword reading gives any more information about phonological processing in young learner readers than does the reading of real words has seldom been considered. Here we show that pseudoword and…

A study investigated whether developmental patterns found in an earlier study were related to spelling and if salient structural features of words for word recognition contributed to spelling performance. Word recognition (decoding) and spelling data were taken from the normative sample of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement. Data were…

A study explored an application of rauding theory to the developmental components that contribute to elementary-age children's reading comprehension. The relationships among cognitive power, auditory accuracy level, pronunciation (word recognition) level, rauding (comprehension) accuracy level, rauding rate (reading rate) level, and rauding…

To validate a group phonics test designed to measure students' phonics knowledge, a study examined possible causal relationships of phonics knowledge and sight word recognition, sight word fluency, general reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Subjects, 95 first graders, 95 second graders, and 95 third graders chosen at random from 3 schools…

A study investigated the question of whether normal and poor readers differ in the way they process sublexical structures in printed words. In a reading level design experiment, two matched groups of normal and poor readers (11 subjects of mean age 9.4 years and 11 subjects of mean age 12.6 years) were compared with regard to their use of…

Three studies were conducted in an attempt to replicate previous research concluding that semantic meaning is accessed in the absence of conscious awareness. A pattern mask was used to interrupt the processing of stimulus words after 30 milliseconds; at this duration subjects were not able to identify the stimulus words or even to determine…

Five experiments were conducted on the ways that college students processed ambiguous words in sentences. Two classes of ambiguous words (noun-noun and noun-verb) and two types of context (priming and nonpriming) were investigated using a variable stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) priming paradigm. Noun-noun ambiguities consisted of two semantically…

A STUDY OF KINDERGARTEN PERCEPTION WAS MADE TO DETERMINE IF A FORMAL PROGRAM IN PERCEPTION IN KINDERGARTEN WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWTH OF PERCEPTION IN CHILDREN AT THE END OF THE KINDERGARTEN YEAR AND TO SUCCESS AT THE FIRST-GRADE LEVEL. FOURTEEN KINDERGARTEN CLASSES WERE CHOSEN AT RANDOM FOR A CONTROL GROUP, AND 14 CLASSES WERE CHOSEN AT…