Discusses important reasons why children fail to read in the primary grades, examines two critical stages in learning to read as well as the goals and emphasis each require in instruction, and suggests an effective educational prescription for helping children become good readers. (RK)

The cued forgetting of reading-delayed boys was compared developmentally with that of normal reading agemates. First-, third-, and fifth-grade boys were presented with slides of common objects. Remember (R) and forget (F) cues followed each picture. Differentiation between R and F items increased as a function of developmental level and reading…

Finds that: sentence reading times were facilitated during rereading to the extent that the information had been encoded from the initial reading; participants incorporated new information into their text representations; rereading improved the memory for causally important information; and the correlation between recall and importance was greater…

Tests 78 children (8- to 12-year-olds) on cognitive, linguistic, academic, phonemic awareness, and memory ability. Explores the relationship between phonemic awareness, phonological memory, reading and spelling. Finds that phonemic awareness tasks are significantly correlated with reading decoding and spelling measures with slightly higher…

Purpose of this study was to determine whether a specific cell, Memory of Figural Units--Visual Mode (MFU-V), of the Structure of Intellect (SOI) can be significantly affected by training kindergarten and first-grade children, and whether improvement in MFU-V has a significant effect on reading achievement of first grade children. (Author)

Examined the phonological analysis and verbal working memory components of the sound categorization task and their relationships to reading skill differences. Children were tested on sound categorization by having them identify odd words in sequences. Sound categorization performance was sensitive to individual differences in speech perception…

This study examines the stages of information processing during a single eye fixation, by overloading or disrupting short-term memory. Ten navy enlistees identified tones that were emitted at sporadic times, while they read general-interest passages through an eye view monitor. Each trial ended with a ten-item test to ensure that all subjects…

The purpose of this experiment was to replicate and extend previous work which showed substantial differences between good readers (GR) and poor readers (PR) in the time taken to encode single words. The technique used was based on the memory-scanning and visual-scanning procedure first used by Sternberg. The subjects for the study consisted of 30…

This paper reports on one study in a research program trying to extend existing findings on elaborative mediation in paired-associate learning into the domain of prose learning. Ten third graders and 22 fourth graders from an inner-city Catholic school served as subjects. A paraphrase recall pretest was administered which involved reading a…

While reading has been recognized as a potentially useful and enjoyable pastime for the elderly, physical and psychological decrements affect the ability of the elderly to read. As the eyes age, near-point tasks become more difficult. In addition to reduced sensory intake, perceptual changes occur. The central nervous system slows, and data travel…

Of particular interest to those exploring students' learning modalities is the relationship between the visual and auditory systems and reading recall. Among the findings of studies that have investigated this relationship are the following: (1) reading competency is dependent as much on auditory processing as on visual processing; (2) when visual…

Two experiments investigated individual differences in semantic recall of expository text. In the first experiment, fourth grade students of superior and average ability read and recalled a prose passage that had been analyzed for its semantic and logical content with a content structure grammar. Unlike past research results, the superior…

Using kindergarten subjects, a study examined whether prereaders learned better with visual cues while novice readers learned better with phonetic cues. (HOD)

Research on working memory has revealed a developmental trend in memory performance, but a controversy exists as to whether the improved performance is due to a developmental increase in working memory total processing space (M-space), is the result of more efficient processing and storage of material, or is due to the use of "chunking" or other…