The authors outline the basic structure of akshara, the basic unit of writing in Indic writing systems used widely in South and Southeast Asia; present preliminary studies relating to reading, assessment, and instruction of akshara; and outline recommendations for future studies.

Notes that the prevalence of reading difficulty was 8.2% and it was associated with younger age, males, poverty, less-educated parents, psychiatric disturbance, school failure, poor school attendance, physical ill-health, poor motor co-ordination and impaired vocabulary and visuospatial reasoning. Supports a multifactorial causal model of reading…

To identify and compare prominent symbols of social relationships used in children's reading materials, a sociological analysis was made of literary materials used for developing children's reading in grades four, five, and six in India and Canada. (HOD)