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Direct linkWhite, Thomas G.; Sabatini, John P.; White, Sheida – Educational Researcher, 2021
The fourth-grade 2019 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Reading assessment shows that 34% of the nation's students perform below the "NAEP Basic" level. However, because there is no achievement-level description for below Basic, educators and policymakers lack information on the nature of the reading difficulties that…
Descriptors: Low Achievement, Reading Achievement, National Competency Tests, Reading Difficulties
Kim, James S.; White, Thomas G. – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2008
The effects of a voluntary summer reading intervention with teacher and parent scaffolding were investigated in an experimental study. A total of 24 teachers and 400 children in Grades 3, 4, and 5 were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: control, books only, books with oral reading scaffolding, and books with oral reading and…
Descriptors: Silent Reading, Reading Fluency, Grade 3, Reading Instruction
