In "Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College ("SFFA")," the United States Supreme Court revisited an issue that had been litigated before it twenty years earlier. In two separate cases brought against the University of Michigan, the issue was whether it was a violation of the Constitution…

The United States and Brazil have histories of colonization, slavery, and racial inequalities. In addition, both countries have adjudicated cases centered on the use of affirmative action admissions policies in higher education but with differing results. The constitutional court of Brazil, the Supremo Tribunal Federal, ruled universities could…

Examines the Supreme Court's action in a racial discrimination case "Patterson v. McLean Credit Union"; the reexamining of "Runyon v. McCrary"; and the current interpretation by the Court of a major Reconstruction-era civil rights law. Perceives a distinct shift in the Court toward conservative interpretations of civil rights…

Uses a question-and-answer format to amplify the "Weber" decision and explain how the case affects an employer. Is particularly concerned with the role of quotas in affirmative action plans. (IRT)

Article is a transcript of a press conference held March 19, 1969 by Dr. Kenneth B. Clark and Mr. Aryeh Neier.

Discusses two major barriers to successful legal challenges to denial of tenure based on allegations of gender or race discrimination: court deference to academic decision-making and the complexity of the process leading to the granting or denial of tenure. (PKP)

Litigation concerning Alabama's vestiges of a racially dual system of higher education has advanced to an appeal by the plaintiffs to the United States Supreme Court alleging that the decision by the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals establishes a dual standard for black judges and white judges hearing desegregation cases. (MLF)

Reviews cases currently before the U.S. Supreme Court. Issues identified that are of importance to American educators include censorship, discrimination, busing, unions, and educational malpractice. (GC)

"Affirmative action" is the term typically used to refer to two contrasting values: the value of equal opportunity and the value of equal results. The Justice Department under the Reagan Administration, however, draws a clear distinction between the two, and is committed to the "original" meaning of affirmative action. That is,…

Overviews Rule 23 (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure) governing class actions in the federal courts and analyzes the issues raised in class determinations for employment discrimination suits under Title VII (Civil Rights Act 1964). Discusses damage claim immunity for public institutions and limitations on evidence offered to prove discrimination.…

The Supreme Court has ruled that statistical evidence about the effects of an employer's policies can be used to prove discrimination in situations where a variety of imprecise criteria are used. The decision is applicable to faculty salary and tenure disputes. (MSE)

The Supreme Court's "Croson" decision has major implications for local government and school administrative units that wish to encourage the use of minority contractors. Discusses the decision and some of the effects that the rules announced in the case may have on North Carolina's local governments and schools. (MLF)

Findings of this study are said to be consistent with the assumption that HEW would be more effective in enforcing desegregation than the courts. Most important finding is said to be the limited amount of explained variance attributable to the Federal courts as enforcement agencies. [Available from Sage Publications, 275 South Beverly Drive,…

Places current controversies over affirmative action and higher education desegregation in the historical context of legal challenges to the U.S. racial social order. With a specific focus on the role of federal courts, the article provides an overview of the legal cases and issues involved in efforts to address the effects of segregation and…

Affirmative action plans by employers can be required in three different situations. Under authority of Executive Order 11246, contract compliance agencies can require them as part of action to end discrimination. Under authority of 1972 amendments to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission can include them in any…