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Nigrescence and Identity: Some Limitations.
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Akbar, Na'im – Counseling Psychologist, 1989
Responds to two opening articles by Parham ("Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence") and Helms ("Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research"). Argues that Black or African identity is not a developmental reaction to social oppression, but is a core personality trait, essential to healthy…
Descriptors: Black Attitudes, Black Culture, Blacks, Developmental Psychology