One explanation for the widening achievement gap in America and throughout Europe between ethnic minorities/immigrants, and Whites is the influence of cultural stereotypes on attributions made by both educators and students. This paper explores some factors that increase the likelihood that educators will consciously or unconsciously rely on…

This book is designed as a resource for graduate students learning about counseling or counselors and psychologists who provide career counseling to racial and ethnic minorities or who do research with minority groups. The book is divided into sections on "Theory and Research,""Assessment and Intervention," and "Future…

This study examined several facets of institutional racism from the vantage point of 32 white male undergraduates at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The focus was on the situation of minorities already enrolled in the institution and on the perceived equity of certain steps taken, or to be taken, to support their academic progress, social…

Although considerable research examines the impact of grade retention on student academic achievement, various shortcomings exhibited across these studies make it difficult to derive any concrete generalizations about the effectiveness of requiring students to repeat a grade. By utilizing data based on a cohort of all low-achieving elementary…