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Direct linkMcIntosh, Kent; Smolkowski, Keith; Gion, Cody M.; Witherspoon, Lauren; Bastable, Eoin; Girvan, Erik J. – Educational Researcher, 2020
One commonly used strategy used in attempts to decrease racial disproportionality in school discipline across the country is sharing data with school administrators that discipline disparities are a problem in their schools with the assumption that it will increase attention to equity and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Discipline, Reports, Racial Bias
McIntosh, Kent; Smolkowski, Keith; Gion, Cody M.; Witherspoon, Lauren; Bastable, Eoin; Girvan, Erik J. – Grantee Submission, 2020
One commonly-used strategy used in attempts to decrease racial disproportionality in school discipline across the country is sharing data with school administrators that discipline disparities are a problem in their schools, with the assumption that it will increase attention to equity and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Discipline, Reports, Racial Bias
Girvan, Erik J.; McIntosh, Kent; Santiago-Rosario, Maria R. – School Psychology Review, 2021
This study examined the extent to which disparities in Black and White students' risks of receiving office discipline referrals (ODRs), and out-of-school suspensions (OSSs) were related to differences in implicit and explicit racial biases assessed at the community level. The sample consisted of discipline records for 1,354,010 students enrolled…
Descriptors: Correlation, Racial Bias, Community Attitudes, Suspension
McIntosh, Kent; Girvan, Erik J.; Horner, Robert H.; Smolkowski, Keith – Journal of Applied Research on Children, 2014
Extension of retribution- and incapacitation-based criminal justice policies and practices to schools has exacerbated racial and ethnic disproportionality in school discipline, a serious and unsolved threat to equity in education and social opportunity. Common approaches implemented to reduce discipline disproportionality have not been shown to be…
Descriptors: Role of Education, Racial Differences, Ethnicity, Disproportionate Representation
