This study seeks to reveal the heterogeneity in occupation-specific wage returns among graduates of the German vocational education and training (VET) system. We distinguish between VET graduates with and without a higher education entrance certificate (i.e. an Abitur). To implement our hierarchical multi-level analyses, we exploit the latest wave…

Exploiting information on foreign qualifications for the first time, we estimate the returns to obtaining UK higher degrees for foreign graduates who migrated to the UK in their 20s. Accounting for direct measures of foreign and UK qualifications and country-of-origin fixed effects, we find substantial returns to obtaining UK (higher) degrees on…

Every person deserves the opportunity for dignified employment that provides living wages and potential for advancement. However, for many in America today, this is far from reality, as they are caught in a cycle of low-wage work, earning poverty wages, and unable to move up in the economy. Local leaders, firms, and workers need to adapt quickly…

College-for-all has become the new American dream. Most high school students today express a desire to attend college, and 90 percent of on-time high school graduates enroll in higher education in the eight years following high school. Yet, degree completion rates remain low for nontraditional students--students who are older, low-income, or have…

This paper looks at the importance of mechanisms that give formal recognition to vocational skills acquired through work-based learning and how such mechanisms might be developed. It describes how skill recognition can benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole, and identifies in which contexts skill recognition has the highest…

The State of the Early Childhood Workforce (SECW) Initiative is a groundbreaking multi-year project to shine a steady spotlight on the nation's early childhood workforce. The SECW Initiative is designed to challenge entrenched ideas and policies that maintain an inequitable and inadequate status quo for early educators and for the children and…

Many people go for training to upgrade their skills which is hoped to pave the way for better pay. But what are the kinds of skills that really affect wages? Employers have emphasized the value of generic skills such as interpersonal and communication skills, teamwork and problem solving. Does possession of these skills translate to at least the…

Completion rates are an obvious performance indicator for the vocational education and training (VET) sector. Previously published figures indicated overall completion rates as low as 27%. One response to this is the argument that there are many students who do not need to complete their qualification as they acquire the skills they need without…

This research investigates the incidence and wage effects of overskilling for vocational education and training (VET) graduates in Australia between 2001 and 2006. Overskilling is defined as the extent to which workers are able to use their skills and abilities in their current job. The authors compare overskilling with other measures of skill…

This paper uses recent data from the UK Labour Force Survey to estimate the wage gains that individuals make on average if they complete an apprenticeship programme. The results suggest gains of around 5-7% for men, but no benefit for women. Further analysis extends the results by considering the returns by age group, by qualification obtained, by…

RECRUITMENT, QUALIFICATIONS, TRAINING, AND DUTIES OF TEACHER AIDES ARE DESCRIBED. MAJOR ACTIVITIES ARE THOSE THAT FREE THE TEACHER FROM NONTEACHING DUTIES (CLERICAL, LIBRARY, LUNCHROOM SUPERVISION, AND HOME VISITS). HOWEVER, THE USE OF TEACHER AIDES DRAWN FROM THE SAME SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS AS THE PARENTS OF DISADVANTAGED PUPILS COULD PROVIDE A…

The new Fair Labor Standards rules, which became effective February 1, will have an impact on employees, students and administrators. (Editor)

To inform the public about details of the employment security program and how it functions, this comparison of state unemployment insurance laws is presented. The report is based primarily on an analysis of state statutes. It examines state by state the types of workers and employers that are covered under the state law, the methods of financing…

Inequalities among minorities in the labor market were examined. Minorities were classified according to persons of Spanish descent (Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans), Blacks, American Indians, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos. All persons 20 to 64 years of age, not enrolled in school and not living in group quarters, who were residents in 1970…

This handbook is designed to provide educators, counselors, employment advisors, and similar personnel in the State of Washington with a handy reference to the apprenticeable trades. Concise thumbnail sketches for use in discussions and vocational counseling of individuals detail opportunities, entrance requirements, helpful school subjects, and…