This paper seeks to define the relationship between speech and writing as two separate media within language, and suggests the use of the term translation to describe moving from one medium to another. Such a view acknowledges the independence of speech and writing, the possibility of translation in either direction, the possible untranslatability…

This revised collection is presented in a new format. Each objective consists of stating the general objective, giving directions, sample items, and answers. Objectives covering a wide range of writing problems are included emphasizing the improvement of clarity in expression. The text is divided into two categories: Mechanics and Usage. There are…

Inexperienced writers, including both basic writers and learning disabled, commit errors that often follow a discernible pattern due to applying erroneous or incomplete rules. Techniques for teaching editing skills are described, including textual analyses of students' writing, interviews with students, structuring the editing task, and providing…

Continuing its emphasis on a student- and response-centered approach to literature-based teaching in today's culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms, this third edition discusses these principles not only through explanation, but through examples of real teachers in real classrooms involved in the actual implementation of these ideas. The…

Three articles on the orthography of Australian Aboriginal Kriol include: "Aspects of Developing a Writing System with Particular Reference to the Revision of the Kriol Orthography"; "A Guide to the Kriol Writing System"; and "A Resource Guide to Kriol." In the first two papers, issues of dealing with orthography in a…

This guide is intended for use in helping students master the language arts skills necessary to pass the writing skills portion of the General Educational Development examination. It could also be used in adult basic education classes. The following topics are covered in the individual units: capitalization, punctuation, verb tense, subject-verb…

This booklet forms a part of the Hungarian-English Contrastive Linguistics Project which is concerned with investigating the differences and similarities between these two languages with implications for second language acquisition. The papers here deal with the Hungarian writing system. Initial remarks concern the relationship between script and…

This study used secondary education students to investigate three instructional design variables hypothesized to improve rule learning. Results show structuring information by a schematic analysis improves learning over taxonomic analysis; response-sensitive sequency adapting instruction for generalization, then discrimination, improves learning;…

This guide is designed to help college-level teachers of English as a Second Language address the particular linguistic characteristics and instructional needs of native Chinese-speaking students. The first chapter profiles four Chinese students at the City College of New York, focusing on their basic literacy in Chinese, immigration issues,…

Modern poetry can be used as instructional material in beginning foreign language courses to offer a change of pace from the regular instructional materials and an introduction to the literature in the target language. Students also take pride in understanding original literary products of the language being taught. Modern poetry proves to be more…

RECENT RESEARCH WOULD SEEM TO IMPLY THAT THE RESULT OF INTENSIVE TEACHER-CORRECTION OF STUDENT COMPOSITION DOES NOT JUSTIFY THE EFFORT. IF TEACHER-CORRECTION DOES NOT PRODUCE THE IMPROVEMENT OF STUDENT COMPOSITION, PERHAPS PEER-CORRECTION WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVE. A REVIEW OF THE FEW PERTINENT STUDIES INDICATES THAT PEER-CORRECTION IS AT LEAST AS…

This teacher's guide accompanies ten mini-manuals which provide business and office students with instruction in the following areas: word division; subject and verb agreement; plurals and possessives; commas, dashes, and parentheses; periods, questions, exclamations, and semicolons; capitalization; numbers; spelling; other punctuation; and…

THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THESE UNITS ON SEGMENTAL AND SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONEMES, PREPARED BY NORTHERN UNIVERSITY'S PROJECT ENGLISH CENTER, IS TO HELP 11TH- AND 12TH-GRADERS TO DISCOVER, THROUGH AN UNDERSTANDING OF PHONOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES, THE SYSTEMS UNDERLYING THEIR OWN LANGUAGE. SPECIFIC LANGUAGE-SKILL OBJECTIVES ARE THE IMPROVEMENT OF (1)…

The validity of the multiple-choice Sequential Tests of Educational Progress (STEP) Writing Test (1957) was tested by the University of Chicago Center for the Cooperative Study of Instruction. Seven criteria developed by the center to score essay assignments were used to determine the relationship between STEP and actual writing behavior. Of the…

Thirty informants were presented with sets of clauses punctuated as in the pattern "S1. If S2. S3" and asked which clause, S1 or S3, the "if" clause modified. Independently, several linguists judged the sentences "S1, if S2" and "S2, if S3" acceptable. Missing intonational clues or improper punctuation,…