Frontiers pioneered an alternative model of publishing: Rather than libraries paying subscription fees to publishers to give library communities access to journals full of articles written, reviewed and edited (at no or modest cost to the publishers) by their own faculty, they instead charge the authors to publish articles that are then made freely available to the world. Some libraries responded by supporting faculty authors directly or negotiating fee reductions with Frontiers, and Frontiers also provides breaks to authors who do not have access to publishing funds. The enterprise has grown to over 170 journals across all fields of science, and the articles are highly cited. The Frontiers acceptance criteria is that the research be scientifically sound and cogently presented. The editor's view of potential impact or importance is disregarded. The public gets to decide on that.