The United States occupations of Cuba and Puerto Rico following the War of 1898 instituted immediate reforms to the educational systems of the islands. The imposition of public school systems modeled on those of the United States and a concurrent wave of Protestant schools established by American missionaries are well-known features of the…

International human rights instruments provide a legal basis for an agreed set of human values globally. These 'values' are expected to underpin the purposes and content of education. This paper aims to explore how compliance with human rights instruments and values is balanced by educational leaders in Northern Ireland where diverse…

This paper explores major historical changes in public school values from colonial times to the present and describes the ways such changes have affected private education. Emphasized are values based on religious premises, values that affect the religious beliefs of others, and the impact of both types of values on decisions to leave public…