This paper identifies federal social policy concerning tax credits as it applies to work force training--its history, participants, implications, and impact. The paper outlines five programs--the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) program of 1978, the National Individual Training Account Act of 1984, the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) of 1983,…

There has been a long-term rise in the relative share of the total number of workers engaged in producing intangible goods or services. Since 1967, this shift to employment in the service sector has been accommodated by a relative decline in manufacturing. Other trends that have taken place over the last decades and are likely to continue are…

Two significant reports that were published recently have important implications for policymakers, employers, and literacy workers. "Workforce 2000," commissioned by the U.S. Department of Labor, is intended to help shape federal workplace policies and programs as the nation moves toward the next century. The report documents labor patterns and…

This annual report details projects and activities undertaken during the period from July 1, 1987 to June 30, 1988. Part I presents findings and recommendations from the National Commission for Employment Policy's work on U.S. employment in an international economy, patterns of participation in Job Partnership Training Act (JTPA) programs, and…

The conference reported here was held to bring together European manpower experts and United States representatives to discuss European manpower programs and policies developed and expanded as a result of the 1974-1976 recession and recovery, and methods for coordinating manpower and general economic policies. This report contains a list of the…

Manpower education policy, planning, curriculum content, the needs of special populations, and delivery systems are the major topics of these 21 papers presented by various vocational leaders at the National Bicentennial Conference on Vocational Education. The titles of these presentations include "On Thinking about Vocational Education…

Four concept papers prepared by the director of the Office of Career Education, U.S. Office of Education, during 1976-77 are presented in this monograph. "Career Education and Manpower Training" presents a treatment of jobs versus work, specific vocational skills versus adaptability skills, paid employment versus productive use of leisure time,…

TO DETERMINE AND EVALUATE THE NEED FOR SKILLED MANPOWER IN ONTARIO 3,931 FIRMS EMPLOYING 764,411 WORKERS, OR 31.2 PERCENT OF THE ESTIMATED PROVINCIAL LABOR FORCE, WAS SURVEYED IN 1965. THE TOTAL MANPOWER REQUIREMENT IN SKILLED OCCUPATIONS FOR 1965-66 AMOUNTED TO 69,225 OF WHICH 33,746 WERE NEEDED IMMEDIATELY. MORE THAN HALF OF THE MANPOWER WAS…

A special issue of "Policy Analysis" on the HEW Mega-Proposal contains papers on restructuring all programs and policies of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Comments by Elliot Richardson about the origin and need for the Mega-Proposal preface an introduction by Laurence Lynn and John Seidl of the story of the…

Until recently national manpower policies and programs have focused relatively little attention on the more skilled and better educated segments of the labor force. The concept of "manpower" has emphasized the training and placement of the disadvantaged. But a comprehensive manpower program must focus on the employment problems of individuals at…

The possible application of area skill surveys to manpower planning is considered. Statistical data were derived from re-surveying employers who had projected in 1964 their employment for 1966 in about 200 occupations. Area skill surveys for Roanoke and Petersburg, Virginia were evaluated. Prediction losses from the area skill survey projections,…

Discusses women's low participation in science and technology in terms of equity concerns, human resource utilization, and procedures used to assess scientific merit. Also explores the contributions that psychologists can make by understanding the impact of research and changing technologies on women's lives. (KH)

Drawing on innovative workforce development efforts around the country, Jobs for the Future (JJF) publications, tool kits, and other resources respond to the challenges to advancement for low-wage workers. Occasional papers in the series Advancement for Low-Wage Workers seeks to elevate discussion of this issue within and outside the workforce…

Despite wide publicity and common usage, the concept of skills shortage has different meaning to different people depending on their perspective. Understanding the different concepts of skills shortages, their measurement and the causes of skill shortages is important if sound policies are to be developed in the areas of employment, education,…

Finland has a strong professional guidance and counseling system. Guidance counselors from the labor administration and vocational guidance psychologists are available in the school systems. In the past, particularly strong emphasis was placed on guidance classes within the curriculum. Now, however, the time prescribed for such classes has been…