The increase in labor force participation of women, and particularly of mothers from two-parent families, has been accompanied by significant changes in family structures. Although the traditional family is no longer the norm, many social perspectives and policies reflect the belief that it is and do not meet the needs of dual-employed families. Dual-employed couples experience problems of work and role overload, identity and normative stressors stemming from traditional sex-role stereotypes, and difficulties in coordinating daily schedules. Societal changes which would increase the quantity and quality of all kinds of services (educational, domestic, child care, etc.) would strengthen dual-employed family living. Institutional changes which would increase the flexibility of the occupational structure would also aid significantly in reducing stress in dual-employed families. Flexible scheduling, increased availability of part-time employment, on-site day care, and parental leaves are some of the occupational changes which would enable individuals to combine work and family roles with less strain. Social changes which would benefit dual-employed families involve a re-evaluation of the traditional career path model, nondiscriminatory employment opportunities, comparable worth legislation, and a change in marriage tax laws. (NRB)