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Johnson, William H. E. – 1976
Historical, philosophical, and social perspectives concerning the development of Soviet society are presented. The concepts of orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationalism that were integral to Russian life for nearly one thousand years of history are discussed, and principles of socialism and communism that were inaugurated in November 1917 in…
Descriptors: Communism, Educational History, Government Role, Governmental Structure
Hua, Shucheng – 2002
The evolution of cadre (political elite and bureaucratic functionaries) education in China from 1949 to the present was evaluated in terms of leadership development and the underlying interests of the Chinese Communist Party as it integrates more fully into the world economy. Historic achievements include: (1) increased knowledge about market…
Descriptors: Adult Education, Audits (Verification), Bureaucracy, Centralization