This study described the strategies used by expert teachers to instruct low motor skill students in physical education classes. The method was extensively pilot tested. Eleven physical education teachers took part in the study. Data were collected via observations, field notes, interviews, and nonstructured informal interviews. Two major themes…

Purpose: This study explores physical education teaching quality and its effects on student psychomotor learning by bringing together generic and content-specific practices. Method: A sample of 51 elementary classroom teachers who taught physical education to third-, fourth-, or fifth-grade students (N = 944) was recruited. Student psychomotor…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a tactical games model instructional plan on game-play volleyball performances of elementary school students, taking into account their skill level. In total, 39 fourth-grade students (average age: 8.9 years) participated in a 13-week unit, in which each lesson exaggerated the use of…

From the class of 2018 to 2020, researchers found several weaknesses faced by physical education (PE) teachers in elementary schools in developing active learning. One of the very basic weaknesses is the low creativity and innovation of teachers in developing basic movement skills and character values with a play approach, and in this case,…

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development. Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development. Methods: Three classes (n = 60, aged 9.0 ± 0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a…

Background: School physical education (PE) programs provide a prime environment for interventions that attempt to develop school-aged children's motor competence and overall physical fitness, while also stimulating competence motivation to engage in physical activity during childhood. It is generally recognized that a pedometer-based intervention…

Objective: To examine the impact of circus arts instruction in physical education (PE) on the physical literacy of children in Grades 4 and 5. Methods: A clustered, quasi-experimental design was used comparing children in schools with circus arts instruction in physical education (n = 101) with children in socioeconomic status-matched schools…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TARGET- and feedback-manipulated climates in a short unit of study of a familiar task. Participants were fourth- and fifth-grade students (n = 170) from intact classes in two southeast United States elementary schools. Classes were assigned to learn a familiar skill during a one week unit…

Physical activity should be naturally occurring and not necessarily labeled as "exercise." Rather, it should set the stage for lifestyle habits that include movement for physical and mental health. The cross-curricular integration of literacy and health and physical education may help students see ways to connect physical and academic…

The aim of the current study was to explore relative age's influence on physical and motor tests among fourth grade children (9 to 10 years) from Germany. Data from 1218 children (49% female) who had performed the German Motor Ability Test (Bös et al., 2009) were analysed. The test battery, which was comprised of physical and motor tests, included…

Background: Games represent a very important part of the physical education curriculum and the process by which they are learnt is very complex. Constructive teaching theories highlight the existence of knowledge prior to instruction that the pupil actively transforms through verbalisation and interaction with classmates. The results of research…

This study was one of the first to examine elementary student performance on the first four national standards for physical education (National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 2004). Motor skill competency, strategic knowledge, physical activity, and physical fitness measures were collected from fourth- and fifth-grade students (N =…

Objective: To investigate New Zealand children's understandings of "health". Design: Secondary analysis of student responses to a task called "Being Healthy" in New Zealand's National Education Monitoring Project. Setting: Year 4 (8-9 year-old) and Year 8 (12-13 year-old) students who took part in New Zealand's National…

This study examined the relationship between the total number of practice trials, trials using correct techniques, and successful trials in a soccer kick-up skill. Eight preservice physical education teachers taught two lessons to 10 fourth-grade students, who were pre- and posttested. Findings are presented. (Author/MT)

This study investigated the effect on motor behavior and achievement of giving performance standards to 78 fourth-grade and 80 fifth-grade students. The hypothesis was that individual performance standards help students achieve significantly higher scores than those receiving no standards. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)