This qualitative case study focused on career commitment in two types of professional adult educators, extension agents and missionaries. Past research studying extension agents and missionaries had documented decades of early career attrition. Research documented the issues, explored causes, and proposed solutions. Yet, the problem persists. Much…

Mike Hill was concerned that his students were unable to genuinely inhabit the historical places they encountered in his lessons. Drawing on fields as varied as history-teacher research, philosophy, and literary and media theory, Hill identified ways to curate his students' constructions of 'secondary worlds' in the historical past, including…

This paper examines the public education system in Vilna Governorate in the period between the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. This part of the paper analyzes the system's development in the period 1880-1908. In putting this work together, the authors drew upon a pool of statistical data published in Memorandum Books…

This paper explores comparatively and historically why Nordic and Continental welfare and education regimes differ in the degree of comprehensiveness of their primary and lower secondary school systems. It analyses how school reforms, reform attempts and coalitions in the post-war decades were shaped by different cleavage structures in Norway and…

The aim of my paper is to discuss the phenomenon of nostalgia for socialism in rural Poland. More precisely, I discuss how experiences of rurality and diverse religious beliefs intertwine with nostalgia. Depicting the memories of socialism, shared with me by the inhabitants of a multi-religious rural commune in Southern Poland, I aim to…

In Montana there are many misconceptions and some prejudice with regard to the Hutterites who live here. This document was written following the structure of the state's Essential Understandings of Montana American Indians. It is intended as an introductory resource guide for Montana educators and students. The Five Essential Understandings of…

Religious communities are important sources of bridging and bonding social capital that have varying implications for perceptions of social cohesion in rural areas. In particular, as well as cultivating cohesiveness more broadly, the bridging social capital associated within mainline religious communities may represent an especially important…

This article discusses Quechua speakers' religious literacy practices in the native language in a rural community located in the department of Cuzco (Peru). I argue that in a situation where the school did not play the role of developing or maintaining the written vernacular, a group of community members found specific situations where they felt…

Protestant approaches to church problems in rural areas are presented in this study guide for Catholics. The Protestant "town and country" movement is described in terms of the beginnings of the movement, early leaders, denominational programs, early theory and practice, the movement today, changes in rural America, dissatisfaction, and…

The creation, growth and history of white, coeducational, four-year, small, Protestant, liberal arts colleges in the South during the period between the Civil War and World War II are reviewed. The primary issues discussed are the geographical location of such colleges, their religious atmospheres, the problems of the college constituency, the…

This study investigated Catholic and Protestant students' ideas about historical significance in Northern Ireland. The research was conducted in two secondary schools in a medium-sized rural town, and data were derived from a ranking task and semi-structured interview with 40 students, aged 12-17, equally divided between the two communities.…

This document is a historical resume of adult education programs with church leaders sponsored by the Cooperative Extension Service of Iowa State University since the early 20th century. Supported by research, resident teaching and administrative leaders in the institution, the Extension Division has cooperated educationally with church leaders,…

There is a great need of accurate information in regard to educational conditions in rural communities throughout the country. The ordinary statistics of rural schools and other agencies of education and their results give only averages and fail to tell the truth about any particular agency or result. Much good would come from a complete…