A description of two proposals for alleviating the racial and ethnic bias in tests of achievement used in schools is presented. One of them entails adding steps to the construction procedures used in building norm referenced achievement tests; the second entails using criterion-referenced achievement tests rather than standardized tests for…

The implementation of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS) began in English primary schools at the start of the autumn term, 1998. It was intended to bring about "a dramatic improvement in literacy standards," so that, by 2002, 80% of all 11 year olds should reach level 4 in English at the end of Key Stage 2 national curriculum tests.…

Results from this two-year study of seven kindergarten curricula in 1973-74 support the hypothesis that structured programs produce greater cognitive gains for disadvantaged children. The study also suggests that a structured program may be more beneficial for high socioeconomic children. The six curricula described and evaluated are: Lippincott's…