The associations among classroom quality, classroom percentage of children with special needs, and child outcome measures were tested in low- and high-quality classrooms using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). No main effect on child outcomes for the classroom concentration of children with special needs was observed. However, an interaction…

Paper presented at the 1967 Annual Convocation of the Educational Research Association of New York State, November 13, 1967.

This study of cognitive and perceptual development compared low SES minority urban children participating in special programs with middle SES minority urban children and with the national norms on cognitive and perceptual measures. Subjects were 169 4- and 5-year-old minority urban children attending preschools in a large city. Eighteen middle…

This study was designed to investigate the assumption that young, lower-class black children have language deficits based on the use of a restricted (as opposed to an elaborated) syntactic code. The speech of 69 black, lower-class and 30 white, middle-class 4 1/2-year olds was compared. Speech samples were elicited through semistructured picture…

This document reports on Phase II of a 2-year research project. The first phase had investigated the effects of socioeconomic mix on the cognitive and social development of disadvantaged preschoolers. The objectives of Phase II were (1) to continue assessment of effects on the disadvantaged subjects over a 2-year span during which there were four…

A 2-year-project with 48 disadvantaged (D) and 48 middle class (P) Israeli 2-year-olds was set up to study how heterogeneous or homogeneous grouping influences social interaction. Twenty-four D's were the homogeneous group, 48 P's and 24 D's were equally divided into three heterogeneous groups with a ratio of 2:1. This report is based on an…

This experimental study investigates differences between a game approach and a programmed learning approach in teaching three listening comprehension skills (negation, exclusion, joint denial) to a total of 13 4- or 5-year-old Head Start children. It was hypothesized that (1) manipulation and novelty of reward would influence children to choose an…

The relation of imaginative play to psycholinguistic development was investigated in a sample of disadvantaged preschool children. The children were assigned to high and low play groups based on their level of play organization. The high play group engaged in more task-relevant speech during play than did the low play group. (Author)

Comparing 969 economically disadvantaged children attending Head Start, other preschools, or no preschool, this study assessed the Project's effectiveness. Findings indicated that Head Start provided an especially enriching preschool experience, and was an impressive instrument of short-term change in children. Gains in behaviors other than…

Internal-external control (IE) expectancies of disadvantaged Head Start children were compared with those of middle class children in one Montessori and two parent cooperative nursery schools using the Stephens-Delys Reinforcement Contingency Interview IE measure. Middle class groups had significantly higher internal control scores than Head Start…

The present research was designed to contribute to a better understanding of the social forces activated in a heterogeneous preschool setting by studying the way in which heterogeneous and homogeneous groupings influence the social interactions of disadvantaged children with peers and adults. (Authors)

Head Start children were matched into two groups on the basis of disruptive behavior during rest periods. Attempts were made to modify their behavior using either instructions or token reinforcement procedures. Results suggest that a combination of reinforcement together with instructions is much more effective than either of these alone. (Author)

Monolingual and bilingual Head Start children were compared in their ability on tasks involving object constancy, naming, and the use of names in sentences. All tasks (particularly nonverbal measures) were found to be easier for bilinguals than monolinguals. (Author/NH)