Two important sources of information for social judgments are personality dispositions (traits) and social norms. Existing research suggests that young children do not find traits salient. To what extent might they rely on a different source of information? Two experiments explored how information about preferences (what someone likes) and rules…

This study addresses the utility of the resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality prototypes for predicting children's and adolescents' problem behaviour in a longitudinal general population sample (N = 491). Both parents and one child participated in the study at two measurement occasions separated by a 3-year interval. The major…

Research indicates that sex role orientation may be a better predictor of leadership behavior than biological sex. To provide support for the integration of sex role and leadership theories, two studies were conducted using college students as research subjects. In the first study, female and male students completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory…

Studies using unipolar models of sex role identity in conjunction with an attributional approach to female achievement prediction have found that androgynous women tend to consider ability to be a more feasible explanation for success than do either feminine or undifferentiated women. Androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated males and…

The relationship between personality characteristics and academic success of college freshmen at a predominantly female campus was studied, using the Myers-Briggs Type indicator (MBTI) to measure personality and first-year grade point average to measure academic success. The comparative effectiveness of the MBTI and the traditional predictors…

Used Holland high-point code and Self-Directed Search scale scores to predict benefit from a self-help career counseling intervention for 52 students undecided as to career. Participants with realistic, investigative, or conventional high-point codes showed greater changes in vocational identity when compared with participants with artistic,…

Assessed several behavioral and personality characteristics that have been implicated in studying the onset of bulimia in female college students (N=80) classified into bulimia, binge eating, and control groups. Results indicated that bulimics and binge eaters differed significantly on all but a few variables. (LLL)

Vocational identity is an important construct for physician career development. Physician vocational development has been grouped into three tasks (crystallization, specification, and implementation) pertaining to career choice and specialty choice (1) In defining the construct of vocational identity, it has been suggested that the relation…

This study explored the personality correlates of substance use by administering a questionnaire consisting of the Mini Markers Scale and items assessing substance abuse to 108 high school students and 155 college students. The Mini Markers Scale is a 40 item self-report inventory that measures basic dimensions of personality, including…

Surveyed female students (N=226) to determine the extent of sexual harassment and to test several popular explanations. Results showed nearly one-third of the students reported sexual harassment by a male teacher. These reports could not be interpreted as reflecting feminist beliefs or oversensitivity. (JAC)

College students who made choices of major and occupation were classified according to Holland categories. Findings support the validity of the Holland typology, but also suggest that separate personality descriptions within each category should be provided for each sex. (Author)

Women at a liberal arts college were nontraditional in terms of their educational and career goals, and traditional in terms of plans for marriage and motherhood. Age, grade, religious upbringing, college major, enrollment in Women's Studies courses, and mothers' educational attainment were all significant predictors of life goals. (Author)

Highlights a study to determine which personality traits (e.g., locus of control, academic self-concept, and study habits and attitudes) and biographical characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race, and marital status) of community college and technical institute students correlate significantly with grade point average and academic success. (AYC)

This study builds upon earlier research on personality types, educational outcomes of diversity, and school and community desegregation to explore how students' plans for involvement in diversity-related activities in college varied by racial background and personality type and how students' exposure to diversity prior to college affected these…

Examined relationships among aggression, viewing and enjoyment of television violence, and personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism in sibling pairs (N=386) ages 11 to 16. Found no support for theory of causal effect on amount of viewing television violence on aggression. Found no within family correlations between amount…