The single parent who has to assume the role and the responsibilities of both mother and father provides a different sex-role model for the child than that provided in the two-parent family. Research has indicated that single parents are more androgynous than parents in intact families. To investigate the sex roles of 332 college students (213…

This paper reports the outcomes of a study that investigated the effects of family conflict on childhood functioning. The sample consisted of 95 children (ages 3-17) applying for clinical services at the Yale Child Study Center Outpatient Clinic. Forty-nine children were from families in which the custodial parents were currently married, 33 were…

Examined relations between patterns of marital communication, child adjustment, and family functioning. Subjects were couples observed to be hostile, hostile- withdrawn, or engaged, and having a 4- or 5-year-old child. Found that families in which couples were hostile-detached showed the most negative outcomes. Marital typology accounted for…

Assessed association between interspousal aggression and child problems after controlling for parents' general marital discord among 87 couples requesting marital therapy. Spouses completed measures of marital aggression, marital discord, child problems, and family demographics. Results showed that marital aggression contributed unique variance to…

Project looked for out-of-school factors accounting for differences in elementary mathematics and reading achievement using California Achievement Test scores and data on student mobility, minority groups, student free lunch eligibility, and students living with two parents. Results indicate about half of school-to-school variance in achievement…

Examined relation between adolescent separation-individuation, family cohesion, and college adjustment in college students (N=240). First group was used to explore individuation measures. Theoretical model specifying that college adjustment would be predicted by family cohesion, positive separation feelings, and independence from parents, was…

Investigated factors associated with school behavioral competence at 72 months in sample of at-risk boys followed longitudinally. Found that a cumulative measure of protective factors was strongly predictive of behavior problems. Mother-reported child emotionality mediated both the relation between mother-reported infant emotionality and…

This study pursues an empirically derived description of parent self-efficacy and parent empowerment specific to the context of clinic-referred preschool children. Parent internal perceptions of stress, family functioning, stress due to child condition, and extrafamilial influences were considered in separate predictive models of parent…

Examined preschool children's behavior problems as a consequence of mother's social and economic characteristics; maternal lifestyle; maternal mental state and child-rearing practices; and maternal and child physical health. Found that major predictors of toddler behavior problems were mother and child health and mother's mental state. Findings…

Predictors of impact on families with a child who has developmental disabilities were examined using results from the 1995 National Health Interview Study Disability Supplement (NHIS-D). From this sample, 505 children who met criteria for a developmental disability were selected. Predictors of impact on these families were investigated across and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that contribute to individual differences in the school performance of 2nd-grade children born to adolescent mothers. The sample of this study was 90 low-income adolescent mothers and their children. Data were collected from the adolescent mothers and their first-born children, now in 2nd grade,…

The evolution of the family concerns health educators because family environment has been consistently linked to development of various addictions and negative behaviors, such as drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, workaholism, excessive exercise, sexual promiscuity, vandalism, youth crime, and violence and abuse. It is recognized that a…

One of the most important tasks of childhood is to develop and maintain socially competent relationships with peers. Some children are easily accepted and liked by their peers, while other children experience problems in their relationship with peers and are rejected by the peer group. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the factors…

In 1960, Project TALENT gathered demographic, cognitive, and socio-pyschological data from a nationwide sample of high school students. In addition, responses from a saturation sample of 16,000 cases in Knox County, Tennessee were collected. The relationships between attitudes, personality traits, and subsequent alcohol abuse (as shown by Knox…

The relationship between parent-child interactions and early literacy skills in children (ages 1-3) for 27 families living in low-income households was examined. Results found child language, parent language, emotional tone, joint attention, parental guidance, and parental responsivity behaviors were strongly related to later receptive vocabulary,…