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Direct linkGao, Zan; Lee, Amelia M.; Solmon, Melinda; Zhang, Tao – Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2009
This study investigated the relationships and mean-level changes of middle school students' motivation (expectancy-related beliefs, task values, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy) toward physical education over time, and how gender affected students' motivation. Participants (N = 206) completed questionnaires over a 1-year period: once in the…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Physical Education, Self Efficacy, Student Motivation
Gao, Zan; Kosma, Maria; Harrison, Louis, Jr. – Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2009
This study examines differences in self-efficacy, expectancy-related beliefs, task value, and performance in a dart-throwing task as a function of race among diverse college students using the expectancy-value model and self-efficacy theory. It also examines the predictive contributions of these beliefs on task performance within each racial…
Descriptors: African American Students, Race, Stereotypes, Self Efficacy
Gao, Zan; Newton, Maria; Carson, Russell L. – Middle Grades Research Journal, 2008
This study examines the predictive utility of students' motivation (self-efficacy and task values) to their physical activity levels and health-related physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength/endurance) in middle school fitness activity classes. Participants (N = 305) responded to questionnaires assessing their self-efficacy…
Descriptors: Physical Education, Muscular Strength, Physical Activities, Self Efficacy
