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| Academic Achievement | 1 |
| Academic Failure | 1 |
| At Risk Persons | 1 |
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| Grade 1 | 1 |
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| Pediatrics | 1 |
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Peer reviewedByrd, Robert S.; Weitzman, Michael L. – Pediatrics, 1994
Examined health and social factors associated with early grade retention. Factors found to be independently associated with increased risk of grade retention were: (1) poverty, (2) male gender, (3) low maternal education, (4) deafness, (5) speech defects, (6) low birth weight, (7) enuresis, and (8) exposure to household smoking. (HTH)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, At Risk Persons, Birth Weight
