The pervasive note in Alex La Guma's novels is that of hope in the eventual overthrow of the oppressive regime in South Africa. La Guma's position is characterized by a strong belief in the close correspondence which should be maintained between literature and life, and by the pursuit of social justice. (Author/GC)

Historical and social climates can determine the strength or weakness of racial movements. Before 1960, when institutional racism was prevalent, Black educators were discouraged from participating fully in Black activism. After 1960, government anti-discrimination efforts gave Black educators more freedom to combat racism. (Author/MJL)

Analyzes the poetry of Nicomedes Santa Cruz, a Black Peruvian, as reflective of sociopolitical developments, culture, and religion in a country where Blacks have historically occupied a low social status. Interprets Santa Cruz's poems as expressions of a search for self-identity and for international solidarity through Christian brotherhood.…

Examines the historical development of the Black protest movement in the United States and analyzes how the Black press responded to developments and changes in the movement, from the founding of the first Black newspaper in 1827 until the end of World War II. (Author/MJL)

Considers the Supreme Court Brown and Bakke decisions the results of socioeconomic influences rather than of moral imperative. Discusses social conditions as influences on judicial processes, economic conditions in the United States when the decisions were made, and the effects of the decisions on school desegregation, educational competition, and…