Attempts an articulation of the concept of legitimacy and applies the concept to problems in university governance. Through application of the idea of political legitimacy, it is contended that more solutions to governance can be developed and that crisis-oriented tactics can be reserved for situations that require them. (Editor/PG)

The Brazilian system of higher education is discussed, including its evolution, the 1968 reform and its unintended consequences, and the recommendations of the 1985 presidential commission on higher education. Issues of interinstitutional diversity, institutional autonomy, and the influence of special interest groups on policy are addressed.…

In 1987, major reform of New Zealand education at all levels was initiated. Several major reports have analyzed the need for change suggesting more dramatic changes are inevitable but are more likely to come from future economic and social changes than from government initiative. (MSE)

Three models (structural, social, and personal) giving insight into factors that promote or inhibit change in higher education institutions are described, and themes in which the models support and complement each other are discussed. The models are then applied to the rapid expansion of continuing education in a traditional university.…

Factors affecting the development and implementation of education policy for special education in England and Wales is examined in the context of the 1981 Education Act. Factors considered include staff evaluation, the competing definitions of need and good practice, professional and administrative accountability, user rights, politicization, and…

The problem of measuring efficiency in higher education is of increasing importance due to changes in socioeconomic conditions and rising enrollment rates. Problems of definition are discussed that occur in comparative studies of efficiency. Illustrations are drawn from formulations of the problem in several countries with different socioeconomic…

The types of managerial problems occurring in large research laboratories are classified, the politics of their management are analyzed, and the forms in which the problems are manifested are discussed. It is concluded that strategic practices are needed for the organizations to function effectively. (Author/MSE)

Data from current interviews with New Left activists of the 1960s in Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United States indicate that the ambivalence of the movement was an expression of the relations of a specific generation of learners to the deterioration of the condition of intellectual labor in society. (JMF)

The evolution of Taiwan's system of higher education since World War II is examined, focusing on the influences of Japanese colonialism and subsequently, adoption of the modern Chinese model based on an American prototype. American and uniquely Taiwanese features of the current system are discussed. (MSE)

Canada's recent public policy encouraging linkages between universities and corporations is transforming the structure and mission of the university system. An analysis focuses on economic, political, and institutional changes and discusses their effects on the organization of academic work, research, and the emerging image of the university as a…

Analysis of the historical origins and development of Israel's universities helps understand the phenomenon of transfer and adaptation of Western concepts of higher education in developing countries. Despite major historical changes and the establishment of the Israeli state, the prestate ethos still dominates. (Author/MSE)

The nature and significance of the changes introduced in the French university system since the passage of the Orientation Act of Higher Education in 1968 are examined. Political impacts on education are discussed in terms of governance, vocationalism and professionalism, and curriculum issues. Sluggish adaptations are noted. (Author/LBH)

The nature and content of student activism in the 1970s in India is examined in relation to the state of the "Internal Emergency." The development of the student movement during the pre-Emergency period and the reversal in the movement since the end of the Emergency are summarized. The prospects for a reemergence of such a movement are…

In contrast to Western professors, those in Japan have tended to emphasize the local university-centered components of their professorial roles. In recent years, however, many Japanese professors have shifted their energies away from these university-centered components to become "professional" in the Western sense or otherwise more…

Development of the Peruvian university system is described, focusing on periods of rapid expansion. Enrollment declines in 1974-78 are analyzed in the context of the educational reform program of the military government. The 1983 new university law, following return to civilian government, and future prospects for higher education are discussed.…