Through an overview and analysis of the major national education and adult education policies, this paper endeavours to present the driving forces of the development of contemporary Chinese adult education, to identify and examine the highlights of current practices, and to discuss future developments. Questions for exploring and informing the…

An international symposium dealing with functional literacy in the context of adult education held in West Berlin in August, 1973, concerned the government's role in establishing and financially supporting programs, the coordination of programs, institutional roles, and the identification of adult learning needs. Twenty-nine conclusions were…

Reflects on a personal relationship with Freire, Brazilian politics, Freire's exile, and its influence on his philosophy. (SK)

Mozambican refugees in Swaziland are caught between the conditions forcing them to leave Mozambique and the hostile political and economic situation in Swaziland. These conditions limit educational programs for refugees to the goal of self-sufficiency within refugee settlements; programs are often poorly attended due to the refugees' predominant…

Preoccupied with political and economic problems, new governments in Eastern Europe place a low priority on adult education. However, without education in new ways of thinking about citizenship, the promise of the democratic revolutions will not be fulfilled. (SK)

Economic crises in the Andean region countries have helped deepen and intensify sex discrimination. The contributions of feminism to popular education may enable active participation of women in the democratizing process. (SK)

In the early 1950s, Highlander Folk School administered a workers' education program for the United Packinghouse Workers of America. The program ended because it threatened the power of certain union leaders, raising issues for the ways popular educators can work within institutions to transform and democratize them. (SK)

Secondary and postsecondary distance education is a possible solution to the lack of educational opportunities for refugees. Essential to its effectiveness are qualified teachers, adequate physical facilities, and teaching-learning resources. (SK)

The transition of Estonia from totalitarian to democratic society poses challenges for adult education. Changes already taking place include voluntary training, use of private sector schools, opportunities for study abroad, reestablishment of folk high schools, and formation of the Adult Education Association of Estonia. (SK)

African National Congress members in exile in Tanzania established the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College as a secondary school and community education center, seeking to continue the education of exiled South Africans while preparing them for liberation struggles. (SK)

Excerpts from questionnaire sent in preparation for the World Conference on Adult Education to all member states of Unesco and to international nongovernmental organizations. (MB)

The European Community must develop policies regarding a number of challenges: free circulation of people across borders, disadvantaged regions, economic restructuring, access to vocational education, and cooperation with Eastern Europe. (SK)

Since the "velvet revolution," different educational trends have arisen in Czech and Slovak republics. Slovakia has retained some centralization and state subsidies whereas, in the Czech Republic, education is more open to market forces. (SK)

Lack of education, low environmental awareness, and environmental racism (for example, siting toxic waste dumps in certain communities) contribute to the degradation of the environment in South Africa. Educational initiatives include learning from nature and fostering political action. (SK)

Political changes in Poland are affecting the educational sector. There is a need for regulation in adult education, and the polycentric model is shifting government responsibility for education from financial support to political and moral oversight. (SK)