Planning traditionally employs a rational decision model that leaves the planner poorly equipped to deal with constraints of organizational process and governmental politics. To be more effective, the planner must now begin in depth to analyze the procedures related to organizational processes and political bargaining. (Author)

This paper reviews the background of West Germany's planning effort, assesses the implementation of educational reform as of mid-1975, and seeks to draw some general conclusions about educational planning and the initiation of structural change. (Author/IRT)

This paper suggests that a first, important, step toward a broadening of the skills of the educational planner is a clear conceptualization of some implications that accompany differing styles of decision-making. It has been suggested that planning traditionally employs a rational decision model that leaves the planner poorly equipped to deal with…

Iannaccone has suggested that four different types of linkages may be identified between a state's legislature and its organized educational profession: (1) locally based disparate in which legislators and schoolmen primarily represent just their individual school districts; (2) statewide monolithic in which schoolmen speak with one, powerful and…

Examines current thinking on the nature of intergovernmental relations, examines the data on the development of the Michigan compensatory education program and the issues that have characterized its administration, and draws some conclusions about the state-local interaction in education and about the leadership capacities of state education…

In 1968, Michigan began a special program of state-aid grants to local school districts for the education of disadvantaged children. Provisions of the original Michigan statute were rather vague, and the State department of education was given considerable discretion in implementing and administering the program. Many of the rules developed by the…

This study examines the politics of program implementation in Michigan. It focuses on relations between the Michigan Department of Education and the state's local school districts in the administration of state aid for compensatory education. With its accountability emphasis and with the many administrative issues that have characterized its…