This series of experiments was designed to evaluate a model of picture and word encoding. The primary assumptions are that both sensory and semantic codes can be activated for both pictures and words but the relative order of access to phonemic information is different for the two types of representation. (Editor/RK)

A series of experiments demonstrate that (a) temporal and spatial structures may be coded independently of one another, (b) linguistic materials lead to temporal superiority whereas pictorial forms give rise to temporal/spatial equality, (c) imposed encoding strategies do not influence the above patterns, and (d) imaginal processing does not…

Pictures generally show superior recognition relative to their verbal labels. This experiment was designed to link this pictorial superiority effect to sensory or meaning codes associated with the two types of symbols. (Editor)

These experiments consider similarities and differences between classifications of pictorial and verbal stimuli in order to investigate whether the kinds of information used differ depending on the stimulus class. Three hypotheses regarding the information used in picture and word classification were evaluated. (Author/RK)

This research attempts to determine whether integration of information occurs when the information is presented partly in the verbal modality and partly in the pictorial modality; in other words, does cross-modality integration occur? (Author/RK)

Comparisons between recall levels following simple acoustic or visual tasks and the simultaneous visual-plus-acoustic task are not based upon equivalent amounts of interference within each modality. This research attempts to test more precisely the relationship between visual and acoustic interference by using a sequential rather than a…

This research tested Paivio's (1971) proposal that pictorial and verbal memory codes interact with space and time. This "interaction hypothesis" states that pictorial memory codes are specialized for spatial structures and verbal memory codes are specialized for temporal structures. Tests this hypothesis by exploring several variations…

Focuses on the effect of verbal and pictorial stimuli on paired associate learning. The discussion centers on the traditional finding that learning is easier with pictures than with words as stimuli. Hypothesizes that this effect is caused by differential coding and storing strategies for words and pictures. (Editor/RK)

The experiment described in this report investigates the effects of various cognitive cues in questions asked regarding the relationship of elements in pictorial depth perception. The subjects of this study are 40 third grade Black and Puerto Rican children. They are confronted with four pictures from the Hudson Depth Perception Tests and asked to…