The study was set to assess the effects of inaccessibility of school toilets to girl pupils with disabilities. Statistics staggered around the world reveal that 2.4 billion people lack access to basic toilets. According to UNICEF report, more than half of the schools in the developed world lack private toilets. Whilst this is so, people with…

Lack of privacy, risk of bullying, limited access, lack of essential products for good hygiene, and dirty bathrooms can all contribute to encouraging a child to withhold urine and stool while in school. Withholding behaviors over time can create a condition known as dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES). DES is any pattern of voiding or…

A physical handicap is defined as an impairment which affects an individual to the extent that special facilities are needed to provide for his safety. Facilities include--(1) the special design of parking lots, building approaches and entrances, (2) stairs, ramps, doors, and multilevel floors, (3) corridors, and (4) rooms with sloping floors,…

Problems in bathing a child who is physically disabled are described, and products that can assist are reviewed, such as reclining bath seats and bath lifts. A directory of bath and incontinence aids lists approximately 80 companies with codes for the types of products they make available. (JDD)

Increased participation in recreational programing by persons with handicapping conditions is a right that calls for significant changes in accessibility of facilities. Both interior and exterior building modifications must be made. (CJ)

Changes to existing structures and specific design features for new structures are discussed as a means of making buildings usable by the physically handicapped. The author stresses the need for consideration of approaches, entrances and exits, and equipment and facilities which will allow the disabled to enter, leave and work within all types of…

Discusses the electronic retrofitting of educational facilities plumbing systems. Some advantages of an electronic plumbing retrofit are cost, hygiene, water conservation, and meeting Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 (ADA) requirements. Issues important to the planning of a successful project are detailed. (RE)

Ramapo College identified many problems that need to be met to make a campus truly accessible to the handicapped student: rest rooms, residence hall ramps, locks, showers, roomate indoctrination, emergency situations, snow and ice, elevators, and fire precautions. Solutions to these problems are described. (Author/LBH)

Implications of the merits of normality and independence for the disabled, and their relevance to architectural design criteria are discussed. The introduction reflects the philosophical approach to the design and construction of public buildings and housing. Nine principle sections provide data and recommendations on the following topics:…

School systems, as never before, are attempting to provide for physically handicapped children. Much has been accomplished, but an even larger task is still before us. Thousands of such children are not yet able to take advantage of their birthright--the opportunity for education. There are numerous reasons for this, one of which is lack of…

Guidelines on performance criteria for the State University of New York consider two main types of handicapped: the ambulant and semi-ambulant, including some physically handicapped, the visually and aurally handicapped, and persons with cardiac conditions; and persons confined to wheel chairs. The handicapped and planning for them are discussed.…

The environmental needs and problems of the physically handicapped are discussed, with particular concern for architectural barriers in present and future public buildings. Dialogue reveals the establishment of standards and constraints of which the public must become aware. Overviewed with emphasis are toilet facilities, recreational and cultural…

Elements of modified school design for the physically disabled are considered, including mobility, classrooms, science laboratories, applied skill areas, the library, the swimming pool, and sanitary facilities. Also discussed are the cafeteria (food service, seating, and other considerations), recreational areas (play grounds,…

The requirement that the handicapped be given special consideration as prerequisite to state participation in the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program is stated, and the following groups of handicapped are specified: the physically, visually and aurally handicapped, and those persons with special health problems; the mentally retarded; the…