Background: Over 50% of individuals with aphasia face ongoing word-finding issues. Studies have found phonologically oriented therapy helpful for English speakers, but this has not yet been studied in French. It is essential to assess the effectiveness of such a therapy in French, considering the distinct linguistic typologies between both languages, which may impact the outcomes of phonologically oriented interventions. Aim: This paper evaluates the effectiveness of French Phonological Component Analysis (Fr-PCA) on communication skills of individuals with chronic aphasia and the impact of individual factors on treatment success. Methods & Procedures: Eighteen individuals with chronic aphasia received 15 h of Fr-PCA therapy over 5 weeks. Naming accuracy for treated and untreated words was measured before and after therapy, as well as at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Secondary outcome measures included standardized tests measuring within-level generalization (object and action naming) and across-level generalization (repetition, verbal fluency, oral comprehension, communication effectiveness reported by a frequent communication partner). Outcomes & Results: Fr-PCA led to improved accuracy for treated (17 participants out of 18) and untreated words (9 participants out of 18), with gains maintained at 6-month follow-up (7 participants out of 10 for treated and 6 participants out of 10 for untreated), and generalization to communication effectiveness reported by a frequent communication partner (11 participants out of 16). Age, apraxia of speech severity and initial anomia severity impacted therapy gains. Conclusions & Implications: Though more research is needed, results suggest Fr-PCA benefits French individuals living with aphasia. Identifying individual factors influencing therapy gains could enable clinicians to improve therapy tailoring.