Visual Phonics is a multisensory teaching tool that has the potential to improve reading outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine studies on Visual Phonics to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects on code-related skills. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrate that Visual Phonics can…

Reading is one of the most significant academic skills and numerous students have difficulties with reading including students who are deaf and hard of hearing. An average student with hearing impairments graduates from a high school with a fourth-grade reading comprehension level that is alarmingly poor. Several reasons may cause this low reading…

Hearing loss adversely affects language and literacy development and reading difficulties of deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) students are well documented by a large body of research. Effective instructional strategies that employ evidence-based strategies to support the reading development of d/Dhh students are required. Therefore, the purpose of…

Forty deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children aged between seven and 13 were tested using two reading assessments selected to separately measure the skills of phonological decoding and reading comprehension. The Nonword Reading Test and the Edinburgh Reading Test, respectively, were used. All of the children were enrolled in full mainstream…

This study compared the spelling skills and sub-skills of young children with cochlear implants (CIs) who use spoken language only (n = 14) with those of a same-aged typically hearing (TH) control group (n = 30). Spelling accuracy was assessed using irregular and nonsense word stimuli. Error and regression analyses were conducted to provide…

A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate phonology's role in d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) children's development of reading, and their ability to access spoken-language phonology. A systematic search of databases and journals identified 27 studies, 7 of which met the inclusion criteria. The included studies, experimental or…

This longitudinal case study aimed to investigate the development of emergent literacy skills of a child with hearing loss was carried out in a research and application centre which provides full-time day education using an auditory-oral approach for children with hearing loss. The study focuses on a child with profound hearing loss who started…

Effective teaching strategies to modify classroom instruction for students who are deaf or hard of hearing are presented. The authors share principles that guide these instructional strategies and complement current pedagogy. Examples of applying instructional modifications using real classroom scenarios are included under each principle.

The study explored the effects of a phonics-based early intervention package on the early reading skills of three preschool students who were d/Deaf or hard of hearing who differed in regard to degree of hearing loss, use of amplification, and communication mode. The 40-week intervention (50-week in one case) was delivered through individual and…

We examined acquisition of grapheme-phoneme correspondences by 4 deaf and hard-of-hearing preschoolers using instruction from a curriculum designed specifically for this population supplemented by Visual Phonics. Learning was documented through a multiple baseline across content design as well as descriptive analyses. Preschoolers who used sign…

Problem Statement: Utilization of shared reading practice in hearing impaired children's literacy instruction may yield quite beneficial. However an investigation of Turkish literature revealed no studies regarding application of shared reading within elementary settings for hearing or hearing-impaired children. Furthermore international…

Visual phonics, a system of 45 hand and symbol cues that represent the phonemes of spoken English, has been used as a tool in literacy instruction with deaf/hard-of-hearing (DHH) students for over 20 years. Despite years of anecdotal support, there is relatively little published evidence of its impact on reading achievement. This study was…

Extensive literature has reiterated the reading difficulties of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Building and expanding upon the work of B. J. Trezek and K. W. Malmgren (2005), this study demonstrated that given 1 year of instruction from a phonics-based reading curriculum supplemented by Visual Phonics, kindergarten and first-grade…

The paper describes an approach to teaching phonics to hearing impaired 12-15 year olds through a microcomputer. Under the guidance of a teacher, a standard phonics textbook is paired with phonetic and phonologic practice on the computer. Students proceed through the materials at their own pace. Three phases of learning are featured: (1) exposure…

A survey of 267 instructional programs for children with hearing impairments found that schools continue to use basal readers and the language experience program extensively with students with hearing impairments; however, almost four of every five programs report that they use a whole-language orientation to reading instruction. (Author/CR)