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Carnine, Linda; And Others – Reading Research Quarterly, 1984
Concludes that in the first stage of reading, students appear to make relatively few nonsense errors on familiar words, whether they are taught with a meaning-based or phonics approach. However, if initial instruction emphasizes phonics, real word substitutions tend to be graphically constrained; with initial meaning-emphasis instruction,…
Descriptors: Context Clues, Developmental Stages, Economically Disadvantaged, Error Analysis (Language)
Duran, Elva; Shefelbine, John; Carnine, Linda; Maldonado-Colon, Elba; Gunn, Barbara – 2003
This book addresses the area of reading and literacy instruction for Spanish-speaking students. Ten chapters focus on the following: (1) "Direct Instruction" (Elva Duran and Douglas Carnine); (2) "Developing the Foundations of Literacy: Oracy" (Elba Maldonado-Colon); (3) "Language Development and Instruction" (Linda…
Descriptors: Academic Discourse, Elementary Education, Hispanic American Students, Language Proficiency