High frequency words, commonly referred to as sight words, are often a focus of emergent reading instruction. Instructional practices abound that require emergent readers to memorize the spelling and pronunciation of the words without drawing attention to grapheme-phoneme correspondences (GPCs) in the words. These approaches ignore a critical…

Report of the discussion "Histoire et structure de l'orthographe francaise" (History and Structure of French Spelling), January 12-13, 1973; special issue on orthography. (DD)

Part of a special issue, "Materialien zur Rechtschreibung und ihrer Reform" (Materials on Orthography and Its Reform). (DD)

STUDY OBJECTIVES WERE--(1) TO ANALYZE 5,000 ENGLISH WORDS TO FIND THE UNDERLYING PATTERNS IN THE SPELLING-TO-SOUND RELATIONSHIPS, (2) TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR MAPPING SPELLING-TO-SOUND CORRESPONDENCES WHICH NOT ONLY DISPLAYS IN AN ECONOMICAL FASHION THE UNDERLYING SPELLING PATTERNS, BUT ALSO REFLECTS THE SPELLING-TO-SOUND HABITS OF THE MATURE…

Phonics is the application of the science of speech sounds to reading and spelling, and it is concerned with the sounds of the spoken language (phonemes) and their graphic forms (graphemes). In the English language there is not a 1-to-1 grapheme-phoneme relationship; 43 basic speech sounds are recorded by using 26 letters. Other irregularities…

A LINGUISTIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR DESCRIBING SPELLING-TO-SOUND CORRESPONDENCES WAS UNDERTAKEN AND A NUMBER OF SPELLING-TO-SOUND PATTERNS ANALYZED, CONTINUING AN EARLIER STUDY PERFORMED UNDER PROJECT NO. S-039 (ED 003 445). RESEARCH EMPHASIZED VOWEL SPELLINGS AND THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS CONSONANTS UPON THE PRONUNCIATIONS OF THESE SPELLINGS. IT…

To achieve its purpose, an initial teaching orthography (i.t.o.) should be as simple in form and substance as possible; it should be phonemic rather than phonetic. The 40 sounds distinguished by Pitmanic shorthand and some provision for schwa can serve as a basic code. The symbols can be derived from either of two major sources--standardizing the…

This paper addresses itself to the question of whether the high degree of abstractness in Chomsky's and Halle's analysis of English vowels is justified. Secondarily, two related topics are discussed: (1) limitations on the tongue-height features [+low] and [+high] and (2) the role of rule features in phonological rules. Numerous examples of a more…

This research is an analysis of the French and Spanish phonological, phonetic, and graphemic systems. A contrastive analysis is used to show the differences that can create problems to the Spanish speaker learning French. For the benefit of Spanish speakers, all of the materials included have been prepared in Spanish. The first chapter defines the…

In this document, points of view are presented by a group of educators and academicians whose common purpose was to explore the area of beginning reading. Articles deal with (1) definitions of reading and problems with the use of associated terminology, (2) various theoretical considerations of the processes of learning which apply to beginning…