The role of the right hemisphere in phonetic processing is thought to be relatively minimal, at least in comparison to the role of the left hemisphere. However, the right hemisphere is known to play a critical role in vocal identity processing, a fact that is striking given that the acoustic-phonetic details of the speech signal can differ substantially between talkers. The goal of this dissertation is to test the hypothesis that the right hemisphere- and more specifically, the right posterior temporal cortex may play an important role in helping listeners adapt to the idiosyncratic ways that different talkers produce their speech sounds. I first present an analysis of an archival fMRI data set and demonstrate that the perceptual identity of a phoneme can be recovered from the trial-by- trial pattern of functional activation in the right temporal cortex. Then, I present the results of an fMRI study aimed at clarifying how the right posterior temporal cortex might support the integration of talker information and phonetic detail. Using searchlight analyses, I show that these two sources of information are simultaneously encoded in the patterns of activation of the right superior temporal sulcus. I also present the results of a functional connectivity analysis showing that the process of conditioning phonetic identity on talker information may depend on the coordinated activity of the left and right temporal cortices. Finally, I present the results of a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study, which suggests that temporarily interfering with the function of the right temporal cortex has only modest consequences for talker-specific phonetic processing. Taken together, the results of these studies indicate some role for the right temporal cortex in talker-specific phonetic processing but imply that its function may be relatively redundant with that of its left hemisphere counterpart. I close with a discussion of the theoretical implications of the current results, the limitations of the current studies, and avenues for future research. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]