Four types of barriers to expanded pharmacy services are discussed: cognitive, situational, legal, and attitudinal. It is suggested that an integrated strategy be developed to overcome these barriers, enabling pharmacists to maximize their contributions to health care. (SF)

Cognitive, situational, legal, and attitudinal barriers to expanding the health care services offered by pharmacists are discussed. It is concluded that since pharmacists are the only health care professionals specializing in drugs and their proper use, the profession should maximize its contribution to society. (SF)

The pharmacist-physician-patient relationship is discussed as well as factors that affect the prescribing and dispensing of drugs. It is suggested that pharmacists coordinate their efforts with those of the physicians by taking a more active role in serving their customers. (SF)

Cognitive, situational, and attitudinal barriers to expanding the role of the pharmacist in the health care services are discussed. Attention is focused on how pharmacy education can overcome some of these barriers. (SF)

Holism in health care, and specifically in pharmacy, are discussed, along with the views of patients and professionals concerning expanded pharmacists' roles, and the effects of those roles. In describing holism in health care, attention is directed to holism and several concepts: wellness versus the absence of disease; prevention; mind, body, and…

Barriers to role expansion for pharmacists working in institutional settings are discussed, such as competency, interdisciplinary responsibilities, and financial reimbursement. Underlying principles that may be applied to overcome the traditional barriers to pharmacist intervention in drug use problems are examined. (SF)