This article examines the effects of peer tutoring as a strategy for teaching and including students with disabilities in general physical education (GPE). Different teaching strategies allow teachers to meet the needs of students, whether in a classroom or gym setting. Research has been conducted on various teaching strategies in physical…

Successful inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms requires a variety of supports. This article demonstrates the role that peers can play in supporting each other. Whole-classroom strategies such as Class-Wide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) and cross-age tutoring are highlighted as methods of supporting inclusive education.…

The monograph focuses on tutoring as a means of improving achievement in handicapped and disadvantaged students. Chapter 1 looks at some of the factors which detract from instructional time, and points out some of the benefits of tutoring which are supported by research. Peer or cross age tutoring is discussed in Chapter 2 in terms of academic…

The article synthesizes results of studies dealing with cross age and peer tutoring in special education, noting both tutor and tutee benefits (academic and personal/social). Implications for instruction are noted. (CL)

The Peer Education Program (PEP) of Hillside University Demonstration School in California gives typical intermediate-level students and students with intensive needs mutually beneficial experiences as they learn, work, and play together. PEP leaders work with younger students on reading, math, art, physical education, and computer skills. The…

The collaborative teaching/learning model encompasses peer and cross age tutoring, as well as team teaching, consulting, and professional pairing on the part of teachers, and focuses on learning as a cooperative rather than competitive process for nondisabled and disabled students. Rewards accrue to the tutee (such as increased individualized…

Describes how to use peer tutoring to enhance the participation of students with disabilities who are integrated into regular physical education classrooms. Strategies include using dyads and specific instruction, peers to increase academic learning time, cross-age peers, and classwide peers. These strategies are designed to enhance and assess the…

Mainstreaming malpractice results from placement of a disabled child into an inappropriate environment. The events which led to the present status of mainstreaming in physical education are explored in this article. Recommendations for alternative placement of children with special psychomotor needs are offered. (DF)

A videotape modeling and peer counseling program was utilized to teach recreational skills to 89 handicapped children (3 to 15 years old) and employment skills to 18 adolescent handicapped youths (15 to 19 years old) who served as trainers. (Author/SW)

This digest summarizes research on methods of student grouping in reading instruction other than whole-class instruction and ability grouping. Peer tutoring and reciprocal-role tutoring have been demonstrated to be effective for students with learning disabilities because they are allowed to be either tutors or tutees. Cross-age tutoring has been…

Issues in tutoring handicapped and gifted students are examined in the paper, one of a collection of papers commissioned for the Foundations project on the career development needs of students entering the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. Studies are reviewed which assess the effects of tutoring on both tutors and tutees in three broad…

A meta-analysis of 20 studies (1975-1995) indicated positive effects for alternative grouping formats for teaching reading to students with disabilities compared to whole-class instruction, particularly for student pairing. In addition, analyses indicated that outcomes for students involved in cross-age tutoring varied significantly by students'…

Five author contributed chapters explore the social environment of the schools as it relates to mainstreaming handicapped children. M. Reynolds discusses "The Changing Social Environment" in the first chapter. Emphasis is placed on the use of developmental scales in the organization of improved schools. "The Social Integration of Handicapped…

This handbook contains eight generic instructional strategies for use in vocational education contexts. The strategies include: clinical teaching, collaborative approach, cooperative learning groups, direct instruction, environmental/curriculum modification, individualized instruction, task analysis, and peer or adult tutoring. For each strategy,…