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Direct linkCramer, Phebe – Guilford Publications, 2006
Integrating theory, research, and practical applications, this book provides a comprehensive examination of defense mechanisms and their role in both normal development and psychopathology. The author describes how children and adults mobilize specific kinds of defenses to maintain their psychological equilibrium and preserve self-esteem,…
Descriptors: Identification (Psychology), Psychotherapy, Psychopathology, Patients
Calicchia, John P. – 1984
Investigations of the reformulated learned helplessness model of depression have produced conflicting results. To contrast the attributional responses of clinically depressed men and women, data were collected from 117 psychotherapy clinic outpatients. An expanded version of the Attribution Style Questionnaire was administered. Forty people…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Depression (Psychology), Helplessness, Models
