The exercise of citizenship is today understood as a duty and as a right to be enjoyed within any educational context. Within the school, all of its protagonists are invited to exercise practices of citizenship. No one is excluded; even the less important parties have the right to participate in decisions that, for some reason, may have an…

Some normal and special schools in Portugal were surveyed to test the hypothesis that integration of the handicapped child in normal schools and society is more effective than education in special schools. Data was collected on students' social achievement, psychological adjustment, academic performance, financial costs, family involvement, and…

This report details studies by eight researchers from five countries--Australia, Chile, the Czech Republic, Portugal, and Spain--that examine boundary-crossing issues between teachers and parents, between policies and school reality, between cultures, and between research and practice. All of the studies were based in elementary schools and…