Background: In this study, we determined the prevalence of and factors associated with parent unawareness of youth tobacco use. Methods: We used data from waves 1, 2, and 3 (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, a nationally representative study of 13,650 US youth ages 12 to 17 and their parents. We conducted…

The global spread of COVID-19 has caused disruptions in many aspects of our lives. Education systems worldwide have changed dramatically. Numerous countries have encouraged schools to shift to e-learning and, as a result, parental involvement in their children's education has changed. This study focused on parental involvement in children's…

With the transition to distance-learning at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, several countries required parents and their children to remain at home, under lockdown. Many parents found themselves taking on additional responsibilities regarding their children's education. However, children do not always interpret their parents' intentions as…

A child's early language environment, and their parents' active engagement during parent-child interactions play a vital role in facilitating the development of complex social reinforcers and the growth of their verbal behavior. Using a verbal behavioral approach, this study aimed to measure the statistical significance of changes in the quality…

The United States and Germany are two predominantly monolingual countries with a significant number of multilingual speakers. Previous research on multilingualism in children on the autism spectrum has found no adverse effects on children's language and communication development but often excluded children with complex communication needs or…

Parents act as significant agents in determining whether or not their children are able to take risks. However, there has been little literature which explores the role of parental variables that predict parents' decisions as well as which types of risky play they are willing to tolerate relative to their parenting styles. Therefore, the aim of…

In this study, the preference of public school teachers for sending their children to private schools has been regarded as a dilemma, and the reasons behind the choices made by public school teachers and the consequences of these preferences have been uncovered through semi-structured interviews with public school teachers. The research was…

"Research Findings:" This study examined how family socioeconomic status and home environment may help explain the indirect relationship between parental migration status and rural Chinese children's holistic development. A total of 198 preschool-age children and their primary caregivers were recruited from three rural preschools in…

Intra-individual response time variability (IIRTV) during cognitive performance is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of attentional control (AC) and related brain region function. However, what determinants contribute to preschoolers' IIRTV received little attention. The present study explored the interaction of dopaminergic…

How parents value and address emotions with their children is essential for children's emotion socialization. This study developed and validated the short Parent-Child Emotion Communication questionnaire (PEC), which measures the extent to which parents appreciate emotions, consciously discuss their own and their child's emotions with their…

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a significant relationship between mothers' perceived gender role and maternal gatekeeping behaviors. Method: In this study, in which mothers' perceived gender role and maternal gatekeeping behaviors were examined according to some variables, the relational survey model, which…

The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively explore the home mathematical environment across two regions in two different countries (i.e., Cuba and Mexico), replicating a qualitative study previously conducted in Northern Ireland (NI), United Kingdom (Cahoon et al., 2017). Semi-structured interviews with parents/caregivers of children…

Bridging the gap between mathematical learning at home and school has been an issue for education research for decades (Galindo & Sheldon, 2012). Expectations for mathematics do not often align for teachers and parents (Posey-Maddox & Hayley-Lock, 2016) and a limited view of what counts as mathematics persists. What needs more attention is…

Background: Although parents play an instrumental role in youth concussion management, few studies have qualitatively explored youth concussion recovery from the parents' perspective. This study explored parents' experiences with and perceptions of their child's recovery from concussion, particularly with regards to the return-to-school process.…

Shared book reading is a well-established vehicle for promoting child language and early development. Yet, existing shared reading interventions have primarily included only children age 3 years and older and high quality dialogic strategies have been less systematically applied for infants and toddlers. To address this gap, we have developed a…