All forms of organized outdoor activity can--and perhaps should--be evaluated as if they were environmental education, because they may significantly generate and distribute knowledge of, beliefs about, and attitudes towards particular places. Safety guidelines for outdoor activities provide one possible indication of hidden "environmental…

Adapted from the keynote address presented at the Association of Experiential Education's (AEE) 1986 conference, this paper raises ethical dilemmas confronted by experiential educators and by the AEE as an organization, especially individualism versus community welfare. (NEC)

In Grade 9, Upper Canada College (UCC) students participate in a week-long outdoor education program in Halton Region, west of Toronto. This week is the culmination of over 60 days of total outdoor education programming between Senior Kindergarten and Grade 9. Activities during the expedition include moving water canoeing, mountain biking, hiking,…

Wilderness Therapy Programs have recently become a formal alternative treatment for adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders (Hinkle, 1999; Russell & Hendee, 1999; Russell, Hendee, & Phillips-Miller, 2000; Russell, 2003a, 2003b). Adolescent populations are unique in that traditional forms of psychotherapy, including "talk-therapies,"…

Powerful, dominant discourses surrounding neo-Hahnian theory (as discussed by Brookes in 2003) and effectiveness (as discussed by Hargreaves and Fullan in 1998, for example) have influenced both practice and research in outdoor adventure education. This has led to a concentration of research that focuses on the impact of outdoor programmes. It has…

Nature continually impresses humans in its role as an omnipresent, if not ultimate, source of power. One hallmark of outdoor and adventure education (OAE) has been its presumption that humans' interaction with aspects of Nature's "power" promotes the antecedents of leadership: measurable, persistent psychological effects and behavioral…

Discloses need for emergency medical procedures to deal with long-term patient care in remote geographical areas. Urges development of new ethics and expertise to address unique problems of wilderness emergency medicine regarding improvisation, environmental hazards, rescue techniques, common wilderness medical problems (diarrhea, blisters,…

Discusses risk-management planning from the perspectives of the current state of risk-management, assumption of risk defense, participant and public attitudes, and specific techniques for constructing a risk-management plan. Offers practical suggestions for limiting risk and liability. Provides sample assumption of risk/liability release form.…

Presents models through which educators can examine rationale for putting lives of others at risk. Reviews "Adventure Experience Paradigm" for facilitating changes. Considers components of exploration, experimentation, adventure, peak adventure, misadventure, devastation, and disaster. Suggests "Normal Life Risk" model as common means to justify…

Provides annotated bibliography of 19 adventure books representing numerous outdoorswomen. Includes general surveys and collections of biographies (5), women's adventures in North America in the last few generations (5), and contemporary women's adventures (9). Lists titles, authors, publishers, and publication dates. (NEC)

Outdoor adventure education programs generally have not met the demands of older adults. Ways to attract older adults to these programs and to tailor activities to allay their fears and maximize their enjoyment are discussed. (PP)

Conflict resolution between different social groups is an issue that has continued to gain high profile news coverage both nationally and in a global context. In this respect, it has been shown that carefully designed and managed physical activity programmes can make a small but nonetheless invaluable contribution to reconciliation and…

Examines self-efficacy theory and how it can be utilized in describing participant change in adventure/challenge programs. Explores connection between personal experience and how people view ability to function in world around them. Discusses Bandura's theory and interaction of sources of information: performance accomplishment, vicarious…

Discusses major thoughts of American philosopher William James and how they can serve as a guide to the actions of experiential educators. Considers propositions concerning freedom and responsibility; truth and reflection; happiness and joy; and sacrifice, protest, and inclusive caring. (NEC)

Relates adventure seeking and adventure education to the Norwegian phenomenon "friluftsliv" to focus on the inclusion of nature and nature-related values. Discusses the dichotomy between nature and culture. Describes friluftsliv as the legacy of the 19th-century explorer and environmental philosopher Fridtjof Nansen who praised the…