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Timo Van Canegem; Isis Vandelannote; Mieke Van Houtte; Jannick Demanet – Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal, 2024
Grade retention is often perceived as an academic failure and a negative response from the educational system. Hence, based on the social cognitive theory, being retained might decrease self-efficacy. This way, we expect that retainees are less likely to pursue a degree in higher education. Retainees that do enroll in higher education, are…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary Education, Grade Repetition, Social Promotion